tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90006130515606044752024-03-18T19:56:12.132-07:00world of insightAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comBlogger56125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-20715391730297118592012-12-09T17:10:00.001-08:002012-12-09T17:10:06.101-08:00Future Tense<h2 style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">
Future Tense</h2>
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Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang <strong>Akan Terjadi</strong>. Future tense adalah tentang <strong>Nanti</strong>. Sesuatu arti katanya<strong>Future</strong> yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya <em>akan</em> pastilah mendominasi.<br />
Masih ingat pembagian Tenses dalam garis besar kan? Yes, ada 3 besar Tenses yaitu: Past, Present dan Future (Dulu, Kini, Nanti).<br />
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<pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: green; font: normal normal normal 1em/normal 'Courier New', Courier, Fixed; line-height: 1.5em; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;">Rumus Future Tense
Positif: S + will + V1
Negatif: S + will + not + V1
Tanya: Will + S + V1</pre>
<pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: green; font: normal normal normal 1em/normal 'Courier New', Courier, Fixed; line-height: 1.5em; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 17px; white-space: normal;">Contoh Kalimat Positif dalam Future Tense:</span></pre>
-I will study<br />-You will swim<br />-They will visit Tokyo<br />
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Future Tense Kalimat Negatif</h2>
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-I will not study<br />-You will not swim<br />-They will not visit Tokyo</div>
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Future Tense Kalimat Tanya</h2>
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Tinggal dibalik saja, Will nya di depan.<br />
-Will You study?<br />-Will You swim?<br />-Will They visit Tokyo?<br />
Tentunya karena Future Tense bicara “Akan” maka keterangan waktu berikut biasa ditambahkan: tomorrow, next month, three days to go, next year dan segala sesatu yang menunjukkan “akan” tersebut.<br />
-You will swim together tomorrow<br />-They will visit Tokyo next year<br />-No one will stop us now from loving each other<br />-I dont think They will come on time<br />
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oke thanks for attention :)</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-27303740322108120762012-12-09T17:04:00.000-08:002012-12-09T17:04:05.643-08:00simple past tense<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">The simple past tense is used to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You state when it happened using a <a href="http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/adverbtime.htm">time adverb</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Formula untuk Simple Past Tense adalah:</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" width="443"><div align="center" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Subject + Verb2 + Object + Modifier</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Contoh:</strong>Transpiration started to increase 3 hours ago. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat 3 jam yang lalu).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a <a href="http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensesimpast.htm#reg">regular verb</a> but, <a href="http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/VERBTEXT.htm#IrregVerbs">irregular verb</a> forms have to be learned.</span></div>
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<tr><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">To be<br />Statements<br />+</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">To be<br />Statements<br />-</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Questions ?</span></th></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">I was.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">I wasn't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Was I?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">He was.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">He wasn't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Was he?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">She was.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">She wasn't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Was she?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">It was.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">It wasn't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Was it?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">You were.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">You weren't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Were you?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">We were.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">We weren't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Were we?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">They were.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">They weren't.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Were they?</span></td></tr>
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<tr><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><a href="" id="reg" name="reg"></a>Regular Verb (to work) Statements<br />+</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Regular Verb (to work) Statements<br />-</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Questions</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Short answer<br />+</span></th><th><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Short answer<br />-</span></th></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">I work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">I didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did I work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes, I did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, I didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">He work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">He didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did he work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes, he did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, he didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">She work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">She didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did she work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes, she did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, she didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">It work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">It didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did it work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes, it did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, it didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">You work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">You didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did you work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes you did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, you didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">We work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">We didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did we work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes we did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, we didn't.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">They work<b>ed</b>.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">They didn't work.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Did they work?</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Yes they did.</span></td><td><span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">No, they didn't.</span></td></tr>
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<h4 align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">Simple Past Timeline</span></h4>
<h4 align="center" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><img alt="Simple past tense timeline" height="91" src="http://www.learnenglish.de/IMAGES/Grammar/SimPa.gif" width="596" /></span></h4>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><i>For example</i>:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">"<i>Last year</i> I <i>took</i> my exams."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">"I <i>got </i>married in <i>1992</i>."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">It can be used to describe events that happened over a period of time in the past but not now.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><i>For example</i>:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">"I <i>lived</i> in South Africa <i>for two years</i>."</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">The simple past tense is also used to talk about habitual or repeated actions that took place in the past.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;"><i>For example</i>:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #20124d;">"<i>When I was a child</i> we always <i>went</i> to the seaside on bank holidays."</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-24286007621448060342012-12-09T16:38:00.001-08:002012-12-09T16:38:42.645-08:00Simple Present Tense<br />
<h2 style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">How do we make the Present Simple Tense?</span></span></h2>
<table style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">subject</span></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">+</span></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">auxiliary verb</span></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">+</span></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">main verb</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td><td align="center" style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">do</span></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"></td><td align="center" style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">base</span></span></td></tr>
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<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">There are three important <b>exceptions</b>:</span></span></div>
<ol style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">For positive sentences, <b>we do not normally use the auxiliary</b>.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add <b>s</b> to the main verb or <b>es</b> to the auxiliary.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">For the verb <b>to be</b>, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Formula untuk Simple Present Tense adalah:</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" width="420"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier</span></strong></address>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note: jika subject diikuti oleh adjective atau noun, gunakan be: is/am/are. <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Is</em>digunakan jika subject-nya <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">singular </strong>yaitu he, she, it dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan subject pronoun he, she atau it; Am jika subject-nya I; Sedangkan, are jika subject-nya you, they, atau we. Subject pronoun <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I, you, they, we</em>, dan noun yang dapat digantikan dengan <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I, you, they</em> atau <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">we </em>disebut<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">plural subject</strong>.</span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh<a href="http://swarabhaskara.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">:</a></span></strong></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations. (Beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Transpiration starts to increase at 8 a.m. (Transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi).</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note: Pada contoh 1 dan 2 digunakan plural verb karena subject-nya plural, sedangkan pada contoh yang ketiga digunakan singular verb [verb1 + (s atau es)] karena didahului oleh singular subject.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Kapan verb1 ditambahkan huruf s dan kapan ditambahkan huruf es sehingga menjadi singular verb yang benar? Hampir semua singular verb dibentuk dengan menambahkan huruf s diakhir verb1 (i.e. Verb1 + s ). Namun, mengingat jumlah verb sangat banyak, maka yang perlu dipahami/dihafal sekarang adalah kapan kita harus menambahkan es. Ketentuannya adalah jika verb1 berakhiran dengan huruf “o, x, ch, y, th, s, dan sh” maka Verb1 + es.</span></span></div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></strong></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: 516px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="144"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Verb1</span></strong></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="168"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Verb1 + es</span></strong></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="180"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Meaning</span></strong></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="144"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">go</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">do</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">box</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">watch</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">pinch</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">punch</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">study</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">cry</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">fly</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">try</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">press</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">pass</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">smash</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">brush</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">bath</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">sooth</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">wash</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="168"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">goes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">does</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">boxes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">watches</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">pinches</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">punches</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">studies</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">cries</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">flies</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">tries</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">presses</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">passes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">smashes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">brushes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">bathes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">soothes</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">washes</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="180"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">pergi</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">melakukan/mengerjakan</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">bertinju</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">menonton</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mencubit</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">memukul</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">belajar</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">menangis</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">terbang</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mencoba</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">menekan, tindis</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">lulus, meloloskan</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">memukul</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">menyikat</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mandi</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">menenangkan</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mencuci</span></span></address>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note:</span></span></div>
<ul style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Huruf ‘y’ yang didahului oleh konsonan berubah menjadi ‘i’ (Lihat: studies, tries, cries).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Verb have (mempunyai) berubah secara tidak beraturan menjadi has.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Pertanyaan berikutnya adalah kapan simple present tense digunakan?</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Simple present tense digunakan:</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">1. untuk menyatakan kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi secara reguler (regular happening).</span></strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></strong></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (Matahari terbit di timur dan tenggelam di barat).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The full moon comes every 30 days. (Purnama datang tiap 30 hari).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The planet earth takes 365 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi butuh 365 hari untuk mengelilingi matahari).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. untuk menyatakan kebiasan-kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh subject kalimat (habitual action);</strong>Kebiasaan-kebiasaan tersebut masih berlangsung sampai sekarang dan (mungkin) akan terus berlanjut ke masa yang akan datang (future).</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></strong></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">My son always goes to school on foot. (Putra saya selalu pergi ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Mr. Bain usually plays badminton every Sunday morning but he did not show up last Sunday. (Mr Bain biasanya main bulutangkis tiap minggu pagi tetapi dia tidak muncul (tidak main) hari Minggu yang lalu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Mr. Budi always drives a car to the office. (Mr. Budi selalu mengendarai mobil ke kantor).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">3. Untuk menyatakan argumen atau teori yang sudah diakui kebenarannya.</span></strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></strong></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The prices of goods always increase when the good availabilities drop in market. (Harga-harga barang selalu naik ketika ketersedianya di pasar menurun).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Solar radiation is required during photosynthesis. (Radiasi surya dibutuhkan selama proses fotosintesis).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Twenty-five divided by five is equal to five. (25 dibagi 5 sama dengan 5).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Untuk menyatakan/mengekspresikan keadaan atau kondisi seseorang atau sesuatu pada saat sekarang</strong> (pada saat diekspresikan). Verbs untuk mengekspresikan seseorang atau sesuatu ini terkait dengan proses/keadaan di dalam otak, terkait dengan perasaan, terkait dengan panca indera, dan terkait dengan kepemilikan. Verbs seperti ini secara kolektif disebut Stative Verbs. Verbs ini sering kita gunakan atau dengar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Jadi, perhatikan dan hafalkan verbs dalam tabel berikut!</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: 546px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="540"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Terkait dengan proses/keadaan di dalam otak</span></strong></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="269"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">know (tahu)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">believe (percaya)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">understand (mengerti/paham)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">imagine (membayangkan)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">think (berfikir/mengira/kira)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">recognize (mengenali)</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="271"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">doubt (meragukan)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">need (memerlukan/butuh)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">prefer (lebih suka)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">mean (berarti)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">forget (melupakan/lupa)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">remember (mengingat/ingat)</span></span></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="540"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Terkait dengan perasaan</span></strong></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="269"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">hate (benci)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">love (cinta)</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="271"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">like (suka)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">want (menginginkan/ingin)</span></span></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="540"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Terkait dengan panca indera</span></strong></td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="269"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">hear (mendengar)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">see (melihat)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">smell (mencium/tercium)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">appear (muncul)</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="271"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">sound (terdengar)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">look (melihat/tampak)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">seem (tampak)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">taste (merasakan/terasa)</span></span></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="540"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Terkait dengan kepemilikan</span></strong></address>
</td></tr>
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="269"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">have (mempunyai)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">own (mempunyai)</span></span></address>
</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="271"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">possess (mempunyai)</span></span></address>
<address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">belong (milik)</span></span></address>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note: Stative verbs bersifat pasif dan tidak digunakan dalam continuous tenses. Tetapi, beberapa stative verbs juga dapat bersifat aktif , bermakna sedikit berbeda dengan stative verbs, dan dalam hal ini, dapat digunakan dalam continuous tenses. Perbedaan penggunaan verbs bersifat pasif dan aktif ini dibahas secara lebih detail di topik <a href="http://swarabhaskara.com/tenses/simple-present-tense-vs-present-continuous-tense/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Simple present tense vs present continous tense.</a></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></strong></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I think I know him. (Saya kira/rasa saya tahu dia).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I understand English better now. (Saya paham bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik sekarang).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I love you very much. (Saya sangat mencintai kamu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The song sounds good but I cannot catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu terdengar manis tapi saya tidak dapat menangkap satu kata pun dari lagu itu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The snack tastes so delicious. (Camilan itu terasa begitu lezat).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I believe you. (Saya percaya kamu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The tragic accident sometimes appears in my mind. (Kecelakaan tragis itu kadang-kadang muncul di benak saya).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">She has two dogs and one cat. (Dia punya dua anjing dan satu kucing), etc.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">5. Untuk menyatakan fakta yang ada sekarang. Penekanannya lebih pada adanya fakta, bukan pada proses terjadinya fakta.Verb yang sering digunakan di sini antara lain: consist of, contain, include, exist, cost, be (i.e: is, am, dan are, atau be jika mengikuti modal auxiliary).</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></span></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">She weighs more than 100 kg. She is very fat. (Dia beratnya lebih dari 100 kg. Dia sangat gemuk).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I want to buy these shoes. How much do they cost? (Saya mau beli sepatu ini. Berapa harganya?).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Cigarettes contain a lot of nicotine and other harmful substances. (Rokok-rokok mengandung banyak nikotin dan zat-zat berbahaya lainnya).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">6. Untuk membuat request (permintaan/minta tolong) dan command (perintah).</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></span></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">May I borrow your pen, please? (Boleh saya pinjam pulpenmu?).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Make teams that consist of 5 people each! (Buatlah tim yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 orang).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note: Dalam simple present tense, sering digunakan adverb seperti: always (selalu), often (sering), usually (biasanya), sometimes (kadang-kadang), seldom (jarang), never (tidak pernah). Adverbs ini biasanya ditempatkan diantara subject dan verb. Tetapi jika kalimat menggunakan be, adverb ditempatkan setelah be (Lihat contoh 4). Walaupun disisipi adverb, bentuk verb tidak berubah. Artinya, jika subject-nya singular (orang ketiga tunggal), verbnya tetap singular (Lihat contoh 5). Selain adverbs, simple present tense juga sering disisipi modal auxilliary seperti can (dapat), may (boleh, mungkin), dan must (harus). (Lihat contoh 6). Dan ingat, gunakan plural verb setelah modal auxilliary. Singular verb tidak pernah digunakan setelah modal auxiliary (Lihat contoh 7). Penggunaan modal auxilliary akan dibahas secara khusus pada posting berikutnya.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh :</span></span></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I usually watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya biasanya nonton film-film Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa Inggris saya).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">They always arrive on time. (Mereka selalu tiba tepat waktu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">My children sometimes go to Kuta Beach to practice their English. (Anak-anak saya kadang-kadang pergi ke pantai Kuta untuk melatih bahasa Ingggrisnya).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Because he seldom studies hard, he seldom gets good results. (Karena dia jarang belajar keras, dia jarang dapat nilai bagus).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Can I go now? No, you can’t. You must stay here until we finish doing our homework. (Dapat saya pergi sekarang? Tidak. Kamu harus tetap di sini sampai kita selesai mengerjakan PR kita).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">He must go to see a doctor now. (Dia harus pergi ke dokter sekarang).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Geneva, 'Times New Roman', times; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Negative Form</span></span></h3>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Bentuk negatif dari kalimat dalam Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menambahkan kata bantu ‘do’ atau ‘does’ (tergantung dari subject kalimat) dan not, seperti terlihat dalam formula berikut,</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; width: 492px;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" width="487"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Subject + (does/do) + not + Verb1 + Object + Modifier</span></strong></address>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Note: a) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan singular verb (i.e. verb1 + s/es), gunakan kata bantu does sebelum not dan jangan lupa untuk merubah singgular verb tersebut menjadi verb1. Does not dapat disingkat doesn’t dan do not dapat disingkat don’t. b) Jika kalimat positifnya menggunakan be (i.e. is, am atau are), kata bantu do atau does tidak diperlukan. Yang perlu dilakukan di sini hanyalah menyisipkan not setelah be, yang masing-masing dapat disingkat menjadi isn’t/ aren’t. Kontraksi am + not adalah ain’t, tetapi jangan gunakan kontraksi ini dalam tulisan/percakapan formal karena sangat tidak formal.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></span></div>
<ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The sun does not rise in the west and does not set in the east. (Matahari tidak terbit di barat dan tidak tenggelam di timur).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The full moon does not come every 15 days. (Purnama tidak datang tiap 15 hari).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The planet earth does not take 400 days to rotate the sun. (Planet bumi tidak butuh 400 hari untuk mengelilingi matahari).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">My son does not always go to school on foot. (Putraku tidak selalu pergi ke sekolah dengan berjalan kaki).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Mr. Bain does not always play badminton every Sunday morning. (Mr Bain tidak selalu main bulutangkis tiap minggu pagi).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Mr. Budi does not always drive a car to the office. (Mr. Budi tidak selalu naik mobil ke kantor).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I do not believe you. (Saya tidak percaya kamu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I do not understand English better now. (Saya tidak memahami bahasa Inggris dengan lebih baik sekarang).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The song does not sound good but I can catch every single word in it. (Lagu itu tidak terdengar manis tapi saya dapat menangkap setiap kata di lagu itu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">The snack does not taste good. (Camilan itu tidak terasa lezat).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I do not love you very much. (Saya tidak sangat cinta kamu).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">I do not always watch Hollywood movies to maintain my English proficiency. (Saya tidak selalu nonton film-film Hollywood untuk mempertahankan kemampuan bahasa Inggrisku).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">My children do not always practice their English every Saturday night. (Anak-anakku tidak selalu melatih bahasa Ingggrisnya setiap sabtu malam).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">He is never late. (Dia tak pernah telat).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Although he does not always study hard, he always gets good results. (Walaupun dia tidak selalu belajar keras, dia selalu memperoleh nilai bagus).</span></span></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Geneva, 'Times New Roman', times; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Yes/No Questions</span></span></h3>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 10px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Yes/No Questions untuk Simple Present Tense dibuat dengan menempatkan kata bantu does/do atau be is/am/are sebelum subject. Perhatikan formula berikut:</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-left-radius: 2px; border-top-right-radius: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><tbody style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" width="513"><address style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Does/Do + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Modifier?</span></strong></address>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Contoh:</span></span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Do farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops twice a year? (Apakah petani-petani di Jati Bali bercocok tanam padi dua kali setahun?).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Do some students usually conduct research on vegetative plant propagations? (Apakah beberapa siswa biasanya melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif?).</span></span></li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/1.5 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 3px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Does transpiration start to increase at 8 a.m? (Apakah transpirasi mulai meningkat jam 8 pagi?).</span></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Pola di atas khusus untuk positive yes/no questions.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-6352385221689033402012-12-09T16:31:00.001-08:002012-12-09T16:31:16.080-08:00RELATIVE PRONOUN<br />
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Relative Pronouns</h1>
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Relative clauses with who/which</h1>
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who: when we talk about people<br />which: when we talk about things<br />whose: instead of his/her or their<br /><br />We also use that for who/which.</div>
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A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. Here is an example:</div>
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<li>The person <b>who</b> phoned me last night is my teacher.</li>
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In the above example, "who":</div>
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<li>relates to "person", which it modifies</li>
<li>introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"</li>
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There are five relative pronouns: <b>who</b>, <b>whom</b>, <b>whose</b>, <b>which</b>, <b>that</b>*</div>
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<b>Who</b> (subject) and <b>whom</b> (object) are generally only for people. <b>Whose</b> is for possession. <b>Which</b> is for things. In <em>non-defining</em> relative clauses, <strong>that</strong> is used for things. In <em>defining</em> relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information) <b>that</b> can be used for things <em>and</em>people**.</div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Relative pronouns can refer to singular or plural, and there is no difference between male and female.</span></div>
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Look at these examples showing defining and non-defining relative clauses:<br />
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<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">example sentences<br />S=subject, O=object, P=possessive</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">notes</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="6" style="vertical-align: top;"><strong>defining relative clauses</strong></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">S</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The person <b>who</b> phoned me last night is my teacher.<br />- The person <b>that</b> phoned me last night is my teacher.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>That</b> is preferable</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The car <b>which</b> hit me was yellow.<br />- The car <b>that</b> hit me was yellow.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>That</b> is preferable</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">O</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The person <b>whom</b> I phoned last night is my teacher.<br />- The people <b>who</b> I phoned last night are my teachers.<br />- The person <b>that</b> I phoned last night is my teacher.<br />- The person I phoned last night is my teacher.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Whom</b> is correct but formal. The relative pronoun is optional.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The car <b>which</b> I drive is old.<br />- The car <b>that</b> I drive is old.<br />- The car I drive is old.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>That</b> is preferable to <b>which</b>. The relative pronoun is optional.</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">P</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The student <b>whose</b> phone just rang should stand up.<br />- Students <b>whose</b> parents are wealthy pay extra.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The police are looking for the car<b>whose</b> driver was masked.<br />- The police are looking for the car <b>of which</b> the driver was masked.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Whose</b> can be used with things. <b>Of which</b> is also possible.</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="6" style="vertical-align: top;"><strong>non-defining relative clauses</strong></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">S</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- Mrs Pratt, <b>who</b> is very kind, is my teacher.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The car, <b>which</b> was a taxi, exploded.<br />- The cars, <b>which</b> were taxis, exploded.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">O</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- Mrs Pratt, <b>whom</b> I like very much, is my teacher.<br />- Mrs Pratt, <b>who</b> I like very much, is my teacher.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Whom</b> is correct but formal. <b>Who</b> is common in spoken English and informal written English.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The car, <b>which</b> I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">P</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">- My brother, <b>whose</b> phone you just heard, is a doctor.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"> </td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">- The car, <b>whose</b> driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.<br />- The car, the driver <b>of which</b> jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Whose</b> can be used with things. <b>Of which</b> is also possible.</td></tr>
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*Not all grammar sources count "that" as a relative pronoun.<br />**Some people claim that even in <em>defining relative clauses</em> we cannot use "that" for people but must use "who/whom". There is no good reason for such a claim; there is a long history of "that" for people in defining relative clauses from Chaucer, Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of <em>The Bible</em> to<em>Fowler's</em> and Churchill.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-64905423489586835312012-12-09T16:24:00.000-08:002012-12-09T16:24:05.415-08:00QUESTION TAG :)<span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">A </span><a href="http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/question.html" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="font-weight: 700;">question</strong></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> </span><strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">tag</strong><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> can be made by making a statement and putting an </span><a href="http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/auxiliary-verb.html" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">auxiliary</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/verb.html" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">verb</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> and a </span><a href="http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/pronoun.html" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">pronoun</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"> at the end:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #741b47;">QUESTION TAG EXAMPLES:</span></div>
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<li style="background-color: #f1f1ff; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #741b47;">She's coming, <strong style="font-weight: 700;">isn't she</strong>?</span></li>
<li style="background-color: #f1f1ff; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #741b47;">She wasn't there, <strong style="font-weight: 700;">was she</strong>?</span></li>
<span style="background-color: #f1f1ff; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">positive statement ->question tag negative - </span><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">You</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">are</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> Tom, </span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">aren't</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">you</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">?</span><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">negative statement->question tag positive - </span><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">He</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">isn't</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> Joe, </span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">is</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-weight: 700; line-height: normal;">he</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">?</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="background-color: #f1f1ff; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47;">Examples</span></h2>
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<span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">with auxiliaries</span><br /><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">You</span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">'ve</span> got a car, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">haven't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">you</span>?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">without auxiliaries (use: don't, doesn't, didn't)</span><br /><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">They</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">play</span> football on Sundays, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">don't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">they</span>?<br /><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">She</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">plays</span> football on Sundays, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">doesn't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">she</span>?<br /><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">They</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">played</span> football on Sundays, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">didn't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">they</span>?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47;">Questions tags are used to keep a conversation going. You can agree or refuse to a sentence with a question tag.</span></div>
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<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">You</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">go</span> to school, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">don't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">You agree.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">You refuse.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Yes, I do.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">No, I don't.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #741b47;"><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span><table class="vokabeln400" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">You</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">aren't</span> from Germany, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">are</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">You agree.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">You refuse.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">No, I'm not.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Yes, I am.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #741b47;"><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span><hr style="background-color: #ffcc99; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; height: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" />
<h2 class="verwendung" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-style: italic; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">Questions tags - Special</span></h2>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">Although the negative word <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">not</span> is not in the sentence, the sentence can be negative. Then we use the "positive" question tag.</span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">He</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">never</span> goes out with his dog, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">does</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">he</span>?</span></td></tr>
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<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">have is a main </span><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">verb</span> in the sentence -> two possibilities</span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">We</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">have</span> a car, _____?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">We</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">have</span> a car, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">haven't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">we</span>?</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">We</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">have</span> a car, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">don't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">we</span>?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">mostly British English</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">mostly American English</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">We use <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">will/would</span> with the <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">imperative </span>(Simple Present).</span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Open</span> the window, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">will</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?<br /><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Open</span> the window, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">would</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Don't open </span>your books, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">will</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">We use <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">won't</span> with a polite request.</span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Open</span> the window, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">won't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">you</span>?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">We use <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">shall</span> after <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">Let's</span>.</span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Let's </span>take the next bus, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">shall</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">we</span>?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">Auxiliary <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;">must</span></span></div>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">We <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">must</span> be at home at 8 pm, <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">mustn't</span> <span class="subjekt" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">we</span>?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="45%"><span style="color: #741b47;">Yes, we <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">must</span>.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="55%"><span style="color: #741b47;">No, we <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">needn't</span>.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #741b47;"><br style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /></span><hr style="background-color: #ffcc99; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; height: 1px; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" />
<h2 class="verwendung" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial; font-style: italic; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #741b47;">Procedure adding a question tag</span></h2>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Look at the sentence.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">1</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is an <span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">auxiliary</span> or a <span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">form of to be</span> in the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="45%"><span style="color: #741b47;">yes</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="50%"><span style="color: #741b47;">no</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">auxiliary or form of to be affirmative<br />-> negate auxiliary (add n't)<br /><br />auxiliary or form of to be negative<br />-> (delete n't)</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">affirmative sentence<br />-> Negate sentence (e.g. don't; doesn't; didn't)<br /><br />negative sentence<br />-> (delete n't)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="5%"><span style="color: #741b47;">2</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is a <span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">personal pronoun</span> the <span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">subject</span> of the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">yes</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">no</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Use the personal pronoun.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Form the personal pronoun.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">3</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Complete the sentence.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></h3>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Example 1: He can play football, ________.</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">1</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="45%"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">yes -> can</span></span></td><td class="grau" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: default; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="50%"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">auxiliary or form of to be affirmative<br />-> negate auxiliary (add n't)<br /><br /><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">can't</span> </span></td><td class="grau" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: default; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="5%"><span style="color: #741b47;">2</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">yes</span></span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Use the personal pronoun.</span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">3</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">He can play football,</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">can't he</span><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">?</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></h3>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Example 2: Peter can play football, ________.</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">1</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="45%"><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">yes -> can</span></span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="50%"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">auxiliary or form of to be affirmative<br />-> negate auxiliary (add n't)<br /><br /><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">can't</span></span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="5%"><span style="color: #741b47;">2</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">no</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Form the personal pronoun.<br /><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Peter -> he</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">3</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Peter can play football,</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">can't he</span><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">?</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-family: Verdana, Arial; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></h3>
<table class="vokabeln100" style="background-color: seashell; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Verdana, Arial; width: 624px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Example 3: Peter plays football, ________.</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">1</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is an auxiliary or a form of to be in the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="45%"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="50%"><span style="color: #741b47;">no</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">affirmative sentence<br />-> Negate the verb.<br /><br />verb <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">plays</span> -> Negation: <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">doesn't play<br /></span>We only use the auxiliary <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">doesn't</span>.</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;" width="5%"><span style="color: #741b47;">2</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Is a personal pronoun the subject of the sentence?</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">no</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"> </span></td><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Form the personal pronoun.<br /><span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Peter -> he</span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;">3</span></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">Peter plays football,</span> <span class="textfettrotlinks" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">doesn't he</span><span class="textfett" style="cursor: default; font-weight: 700;">?</span></span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-57687114449780906692012-12-09T16:13:00.002-08:002012-12-09T16:13:41.200-08:00WHAT IS GERUND ?<b><span style="color: #0b5394;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 80%px;"><tbody>
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<strong><a href="" name="100"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-large;">GERUND</span></a></strong><br />
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A GERUND is a verb in its "<b>ing</b>" form (the present participle); for example, <b>raining, dancing, laughing, thinking, creating, running,</b> and so on.<br />By definition, <u>they are activities</u> . either physical or mental.<br />These words <u>function as NOUNS</u> in a sentence:</span></div>
<blockquote style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The <b><u>subject of the verb</u></b>: </span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Swimming</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong> <u>is</u> </strong>a lot of fun and good exercise.<br />The <u><b>object of the verb</b></u>: I really <strong><u>like</u> </strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>swimming</strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.<br />The <b><u>object of a preposition</u></b>: I am looking forward <strong><u>to</u> </strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>swimming</strong></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in the ocean.</span></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="110"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1 GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE</span></a></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Any activity that can be expressed with the "<b>ing</b>" form of a verb can be the subject of a sentence.<br />All gerunds can be the subject of a sentence.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Breathing</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> is necessary.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Driving</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> a car requires good vision.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Helping</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> other people feels good.</span></b></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="120"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION</span></a></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Prepositions (</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">for, with, about, &</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">) must be followed by an object.<br />The object can be a <u>noun</u> or a <u>gerund</u> (a verb acting as a noun).</span><br />
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<b></b><b></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">I am tired </span><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">of </span></u><span style="font-family: Arial;">waking up </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">too early.<br />I look forward </span><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">to</span></u><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">meeting </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">your friend.<br />I am interested </span><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">in</span></u><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">learning </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">baseball.<br />She is responsible </span><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">for</span></u><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">implementing </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">new policy.</span></b></blockquote>
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<a href="" name="121"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">1 Verb + Preposition</span></b></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Here are some </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>verbs</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> plus a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>preposition</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> followed by a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>gerund</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">: </span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>complain about</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>insist on</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>participate in</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>apologize for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>object to</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>look forward to</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">th</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>ink of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">w</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>in by </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">ta</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>ke part in</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="122"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2 Verb + Object + Preposition</span></a></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Here are some </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>verbs</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> plus an </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">object </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">plus a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>preposition</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> followed by a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>gerund</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">: </span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>have difficulty in</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>take advantage of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b> have a good reason for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>prevent someone from</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>keep someone from</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>stop someone from</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>thank someone for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to b</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>lame someone for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>accuse someone of </b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>charge someone with</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>fine someone for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>__________ing</b></span></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="123"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3 To Be + Adjective + Preposition</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Here are some combinations of the verb "</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">to be</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">" plus an </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>adjective</b> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">plus a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>preposition</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> followed by a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>gerund</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">: </span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be accustomed to</b> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be interested in</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be excited about</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be capable of </b></span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be responsible for </b></span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be used to</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be tired of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be bored with</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be good for</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be good at</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be bad at</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be guilty of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b></blockquote>
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<a href="" name="124"><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">4 To Be + Noun + Preposition</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Here are some combinations of the verb "</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">to be</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;">" plus an </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>object</b> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">plus a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>preposition</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> followed by a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>gerund</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">: </span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be a victim of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be an advocate of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be a believer in</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">be a supporter </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>of</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />to </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>be a critic of </b></span><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">__________ing</span></b></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="130"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB</span></a></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">When it comes to gerunds as the object of a verb, not all verbs are equal.<br />That is, some verbs can take a gerund as their objects, but other verbs cannot.<br />(Some verbs can take infinitives as their objects. Some verbs never take an object at all.)<br />These differences can only be learned, as individual vocabulary items.</span></blockquote>
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<b><a href="" name="131"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Verb + Gerund:</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Here are some </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>verbs</b> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">that are followed by a </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>gerund</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.<br />(These verbs can be followed by any gerund. The gerunds used in these sentences are only examples.)</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>admit</b> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>losing</u> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">the combination to the safe.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>advise</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>finding</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> a good lawyer.<br />I don't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>anticipate</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>waiting</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> very much longer.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>appreciate</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>hearing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> a good joke.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>avoid</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>flying</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> as much as I can.<br />Would you </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>consider</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>selling</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> your share of the company?<br />We will </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>delay</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>signing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> an agreement.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>deny</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>saying</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> that.<br />We must </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>discuss</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>hiring</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> more people.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>dislike</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>eating</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> alone.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>enjoy</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>talking</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> with new people.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>fear</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>losing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> his confidence.<br />When I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>finish</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>typing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> this, I'll help you.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>gave up</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>explaining</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> my position to them.<br />I often </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>go</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>dancing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">.<br />I can't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>help</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>thinking</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> that we could have done better.<br />I can't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>imagine</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>spending</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> that much money.<br />Business trips </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>involve</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>waiting</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> in airports and staying in hotels.<br />They </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>keep</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>saying</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> that, but they don't do anything about it.<br />Did I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>mention</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>seeing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> him yesterday?<br />I don't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>mind</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>working</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> on the weekend.<br />I will </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>miss</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>seeing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> you around.<br />They </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>postponed</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>starting</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> construction until next year.<br />You should </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>practice</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>using</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> set phrases.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>quit</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>smoking</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> six years ago.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>recall</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>meeting</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> him a long time ago.<br />I don't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>recollect</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>being</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> there.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>recommend</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>having</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> the New York steak.<br />I </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>resent</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>having</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> to sign in each morning.<br />I couldn't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>resist</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>telling</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> them.<br />We should not </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>risk</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>losing</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> their trust.<br />I hope they </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>stop</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>making</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> so much noise so I can get some sleep.<br />He </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>suggested</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>starting</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> my own agency.<br />They won't </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b>tolerate</b></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><u>trading</u></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> insider information.</span></blockquote>
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<a name='more'></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-37780476199391958292012-05-30T21:08:00.000-07:002012-05-30T21:08:17.847-07:00fungsi fungsi dan komponen layer di osi<br />
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">FUNGSI LAYER</strong></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">1. Layer Physical</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Ini adalah layer yang paling sederhana; berkaitan dengan electrical (dan optical) koneksi antar peralatan. Data biner dikodekan dalam bentuk yang dapat ditransmisi melalui media jaringan, sebagai contoh kabel, transceiver dan konektor yang berkaitan dengan layer Physical. Peralatan seperti repeater, hub dan network card adalah berada pada layer ini.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">2. Layer Data-link</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer ini sedikit lebih “cerdas” dibandingkan dengan layer physical, karena menyediakan transfer data yang lebih nyata. Sebagai penghubung antara media network dan layer protocol yang lebih high-level, layer data link bertanggung-jawab pada paket akhir dari data binari yang berasal dari level yang lebih tinggi ke paket diskrit sebelum ke layer physical. Akan mengirimkan frame (blok dari data) melalui suatu network. Ethernet (802.2 & 802.3), Tokenbus (802.4) dan Tokenring (802.5) adalah protocol pada layer Data-link.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">3. Layer Network</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Tugas utama dari layer network adalah menyediakan fungsi routing sehingga paket dapat dikirim keluar dari segment network lokal ke suatu tujuan yang berada pada suatu network lain. IP, Internet Protocol, umumnya digunakan untuk tugas ini. Protocol lainnya seperti IPX, Internet Packet eXchange. Perusahaan Novell telah memprogram protokol menjadi beberapa, seperti SPX (Sequence Packet Exchange) & NCP (Netware Core Protocol). Protokol ini telah dimasukkan ke sistem operasi Netware. Beberapa fungsi yang mungkin dilakukan oleh Layer Network</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Membagi aliran data biner ke paket diskrit dengan panjang tertentu</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Mendeteksi Error</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Memperbaiki error dengan mengirim ulang paket yang rusak</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Mengendalikan aliran</span></li>
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<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">4. Layer Transport</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer transport data, menggunakan protocol seperti UDP, TCP dan/atau SPX (Sequence Packet eXchange, yang satu ini digunakan oleh NetWare, tetapi khusus untuk koneksi berorientasi IPX). Layer transport adalah pusat dari mode-OSI. Layer ini menyediakan transfer yang reliable dan transparan antara kedua titik akhir, layer ini juga menyediakan multiplexing, kendali aliran dan pemeriksaan error serta memperbaikinya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">5. Layer Session</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer Session, sesuai dengan namanya, sering disalah artikan sebagai prosedur logon pada network dan berkaitan dengan keamanan. Layer ini menyediakan layanan ke dua layer diatasnya, Melakukan koordinasi komunikasi antara entiti layer yang diwakilinya. Beberapa protocol pada layer ini: NETBIOS: suatu session interface dan protocol, dikembangkan oleh IBM, yang menyediakan layanan ke layer presentation dan layer application. NETBEUI, (NETBIOS Extended User Interface), suatu pengembangan dari NETBIOS yang digunakan pada produk Microsoft networking, seperti Windows NT dan LAN Manager. ADSP (AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol). PAP (Printer Access Protocol), yang terdapat pada printer Postscript untuk akses pada jaringan AppleTalk.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">6. Layer Presentation</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer presentation dari model OSI melakukan hanya suatu fungsi tunggal: translasi dari berbagai tipe pada syntax sistem. Sebagai contoh, suatu koneksi antara PC dan mainframe membutuhkan konversi dari EBCDIC character-encoding format ke ASCII dan banyak faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Kompresi data (dan enkripsi yang mungkin) ditangani oleh layer ini.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">7. Layer Application</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer ini adalah yang paling “cerdas”, gateway berada pada layer ini. Gateway melakukan pekerjaan yang sama seperti sebuah router, tetapi ada perbedaan diantara mereka. Layer Application adalah penghubung utama antara aplikasi yang berjalan pada satu komputer dan resources network yang membutuhkan akses padanya. Layer Application adalah layer dimana user akan beroperasi padanya, protocol seperti FTP, telnet, SMTP, HTTP, POP3 berada pada layer Application.</span><strong style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">. KOMPONEN JARINGAN DAN PROTOKOL LAYER</strong></div>
<ol style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; list-style: decimal outside; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer 1 – Physical</span></li>
</ol>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Repeater</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Multiplexer</span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Hubs(Passive and Active)</span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">TDR</span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Oscilloscope</span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Amplifier</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">IEEE 802 (Ethernet standard)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">IEEE 802.2 (Ethernet standard)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">ISO 2110</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">ISDN</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; list-style: decimal outside; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer 2 – Datalink</span></li>
</ol>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Bridge</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Switch</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">ISDN Router</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Intelligent Hub</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NIC</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Advanced Cable Tester</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Media Access Control:</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Communicates with the adapter card</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Controls the type of media being used:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">802.3 CSMA/CD (Ethernet)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">802.4 Token Bus (ARCnet)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">802.5 Token Ring</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">802.12 Demand Priority</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Logical Link Control</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">error correction and flow control</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">manages link control and defines SAPs</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">802.2 Logical Link Control</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">3. Layer 3 (Network)</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Brouter</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Router</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Frame Relay Device</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">ATM Switch</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Advanced Cable Tester</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">IP; ARP; RARP, ICMP; RIP; OSFP;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">IGMP;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">IPX</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NWLink</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NetBEUI</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">OSI</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">DDP</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">DECnet</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">4. Layer 4 – Transport</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Gateway</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Advanced Cable Tester</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Brouter</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">TCP, ARP, RARP;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">SPX</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NWLink</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NetBIOS / NetBEUI</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">ATP</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">5. Layer 5 – Session</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Gateway</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NetBIOS</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Names Pipes</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Mail Slots</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">RPC</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; list-style: decimal outside; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer 6 – Presentation</span></li>
</ol>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Gateway</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Redirector</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">None</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; list-style: decimal outside; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Layer 7 – Application</span></li>
</ol>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 191.25pt;" valign="top" width="255"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Network components:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Gateway</span></li>
</ul>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280"><div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">Protocols:</span></div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: baseline;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">DNS; FTP</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">TFTP; BOOTP</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">SNMP; RLOGIN</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">SMTP; MIME;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">NFS; FINGER</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">TELNET; NCP</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">APPC; AFP</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 7px 0px 8px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3;">SMB</span></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: 0px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">
</div>
<div class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled" id="jp-post-flair" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; zoom: 1;">
<div class="wpl-likebox sd-block sd-like" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125); border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; bottom: auto !important; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 10px; position: static !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 648px; zoom: 1;">
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-53391787038186840122012-05-30T21:04:00.002-07:002012-05-30T21:04:50.636-07:00subnet mask<br />
<table border="0" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px; width: 410px;"><tbody>
<tr><th><table border="1"><tbody>
<tr><td><strong>Subnet Mask</strong></td><td><strong>Nilai CIDR</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td>255.128.0.0</td><td>/9</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.192.0.0</td><td>/10</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.224.0.0</td><td>/11</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.240.0.0</td><td>/12</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.248.0.0</td><td>/13</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.252.0.0</td><td>/14</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.254.0.0</td><td>/15</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.0.0</td><td>/16</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.128.0</td><td>/17</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.192.0</td><td>/18</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.224.0</td><td>/19</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</th><th><table border="1"><tbody>
<tr><td><strong>Subnet Mask</strong></td><td><strong>Nilai CIDR</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.240.0</td><td>/20</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.248.0</td><td>/21</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.252.0</td><td>/22</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.254.0</td><td>/23</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.0</td><td>/24</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.128</td><td>/25</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.192</td><td>/26</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.224</td><td>/27</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.240</td><td>/28</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.248</td><td>/29</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.252</td><td>/30</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</th></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><strong>Subnet Mask</strong></td><td><strong>Nilai CIDR</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.128</td><td>/25</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.192</td><td>/26</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.224</td><td>/27</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.240</td><td>/28</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.248</td><td>/29</td></tr>
<tr><td>255.255.255.252</td><td>/30</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-37403532449839880842012-05-30T21:02:00.001-07:002012-05-30T21:02:28.827-07:00bentuk bentuk komunikasi<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"> Half Duplex</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Merupakan bentuk komunikasi antara dua belah pihak dan dua arah, namun secara bergantian (tidak dapat secara bersama-sama) antara mentransmisikan dan menerima data.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Contoh sederhana adalah walkie-talkie yang sering kita jumpai. Jika kita ingin berbicara, kita harus menekan tombol dan sebaliknya, jika kita ingin mendengar tombol harus dalam keadaan tidak ditekan.</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><br /></span><br />
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 21px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Full Duplex</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 21px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Merupakan bentuk komunkasi antara dua belah pihak yang saling mengirim dan menerima informasi dalamwaktu bersamaan. Pada umumnya model ini memerlukan dua jalur komunikasi.<br />Contoh yang sering kita temukan dalam kehidupan adalah telepon, di mana penggunanya bisa berbicara (mengirim) dan mendengar (menerima) secara bersamaan.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 21px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Simplex</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 21px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Merupakan bentuk komunikasi antara dua belah pihak, hanya saja sinyal-sinyal yang dikirim secara satu arah.Contoh: nyata model komunikasi ini seperti broadcasting (siaran televisi) ataupun siaran radio.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-51810688484218917272012-05-30T20:50:00.002-07:002012-05-30T20:50:33.355-07:00ulangan hari ini<div>
soal ulangan kjkl 31/05/2012 :<br /><div>
1.pada layer ke berapakah adanya ,fisik sebutkan periferalnnya /protokolnya</div>
<div>
2.apa itu dekapsulasi?</div>
<div>
3.penjelasan tentang half duplex</div>
<div>
4.sebutkan karakteritik ipv4 kelas c</div>
<div>
5.apa yang di maksud ip privat</div>
<div>
6,apa itu broadcast address?</div>
<div>
7.apa tujuan subnetting?</div>
<div>
8.subnettingkan 189.212.52.210 /26</div>
<div>
9.subnettingkan 189.111.72.61 /26</div>
<div>
10.subnettingkan 61.21.41.151 /26</div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-28999285461445599022012-05-09T19:52:00.000-07:002012-05-09T19:52:45.846-07:00step by step menginstal windows 2000 server<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18px; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Hidupkan Komputer</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Siapkan CD Installasi Windows Server 2000</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Setting Bios dan Masukkan CD Windows Server 2000</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Tekan enter untuk memulai proses instalasi, kemudian tekan F8 pada dialog Lisensing Agreement</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Setelah itu pilihlah dialog partition untuk membuat partisi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Tekan C untuk memulai proses partisi tersebut</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="line-height: 13px; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Isikan ukuran partisi sesuai yang anda buat lalu tekan Enter</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Setelah itu pilihlah “Format The Partition Using The NTFS File System” dan tekan Enter</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Tunggulah proses yang sedang berjalan sampai selesai</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Sesudah itu computer akan merestart secara otomatis</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: -18pt;">Setelah itu akan muncul menu Windows 2000 Server, Klik Next</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Dan akan muncul proses Installing Devices</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Jika sudah selesai akan muncul pilihan “ Regional Setting ” dan klik next dengan nama anda atau nama komputer yang anda pakai, tekan Next</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Pada Tampilan Licensing Modes pilihlah “ Per Server, Number of concurrent connection ” lalu klik next</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Isikan data yang muncul pada tampilan “ Computer Name and Administrator Password ” dengan data yang anda miliki.lalu Isikan Password yang anda kehendaki dan klik next</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Maka akan muncul tampilan Windows 2000 Components,Tampilan tersebut merupakan tampilan yang muncul karena komponen yang anda pakai sudah terdeteksi dalam proses instalasi ini</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Date and Time Setting ,isikan hari dan jam sesuai waktu yang anda inginkan ,tekan next</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Akan muncul tampilan “ Networking Setting “ dan klik next,tunggulah proses yang sedang berjalan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Setelah itu akan muncul tampilan “ Performing Foals Tasks “</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Setelah itu computer akan menginstall program dibawah ini dengan otomatis</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">a)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 13px; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Install Start menu Items</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">b)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 13px; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Register Components</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">c)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 13px; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Save Setting</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">d)</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 13px; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Removes any Temporary file Used</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Bila proses sudah selesai ,klik finish</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Dan komputer akan ter-restart dengan sendirinya,</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -18pt;">è</span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Proses penginstallan telah selesai anda bisa menikmati program Windows Server 2000 dengan nyaman</span></li>
<li style="text-indent: -24px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;">#</span>jika tampil berupa gambr welcome wondows 2000 server berarti anda telah berhasil menginstalnnya </li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-50994666635040841322012-05-09T19:00:00.000-07:002012-05-09T19:03:09.426-07:00mensetting router di packet tracer<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 9pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 31px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: large;">langkah langkahnnya </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Buka Packet Tracer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Buatlah rangkaian Router besrta PC nya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Antara Router satu dengan Router yang lainnya harus tersambung dengan menggunakan konektor yang tersedia dan juga tersambung pada PC yang ada pada setiap Router</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 27pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Settinglah setiap yang ada buat Caranya :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Klik Router yang akan di setting</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pilih Config, lalu Fast Ethernet</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Isikan IP Addressnya dengan otomatis Subnet Masknya akan terisi dengan sendirinya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Centang Port Status</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pilih juga Serial lalu isi IP Addressnya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Clock Rate pilih 6400</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Centang Port Status</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Bila sudah setting juga router yang lain tapi dari masing-masing router IP nya tidak boleh sama</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sekarang cara menyetting PCnya :</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Klik PC yang sudah tersambung pada router</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pilih Config lalu setting Getway dengan IP router yang Serial</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Lalu pilih Fast Ethernet Contohnya bila IP router 192.168.1.1 maka Ip pC nya 192.168.1.2</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Setting juga PC yang lainnya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sekarang cara mengisi Static Routernya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Klik pada router lalu pilih Static</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Kemudian isi Network dengan IP dari router yang lain</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Lalu isi Mask dan Next Hop nya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Klik Add</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">ü </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Setting juga Static yang ada pada router yang lainnya</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Bila semua sudah sekarang coba mengirim pesan dengan cara klik Add Simple PDU yang ada pada sebelah kanan</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">v </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jika muncul Succesful maka settingan anda berhasil...selamat mencoba :)</span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-17524663578962243212012-05-03T07:04:00.002-07:002012-05-03T07:04:54.955-07:00Cara Membuat Background di Flashdisk/ Hardisk (Tanpa Software)<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Cara Membuat Background di Flashdisk/ Hardisk (Tanpa Software)</span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">sobat pernah melihat salah satu drive milik komputer teman sobat memiliki background yang unik dengan gambar gambar yang menarik,…? atau juga pada flash disk teman yang sobat pinjam???</span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />Tentu kita bertanya bagaimana sih caranya…..?<br />enak kalo teman sobat itu mau kasih tau …klo gak bete sekali bukan….<br />Sebenarnya mudah sekali caranya untuk membuatnya…<br />klo teman sobat ntuh gak mao kasih tau yah udah nih saya kasih tau caranya….<br /><br />Langkah-langkah yang harus sobat lakukan :<br />1. Siapkan gambar yang paling sobat suka buat dipajang, contoh seperti : a7x.jpg<br />klo bisa ubah namanya menjadi lebih pendek biar tidak terlalu panjang nulisnya.<br /><br />2. Letakkan file gambar tadi di root harddisk sobat atau flashdisk seperti F:\ atau namaflashdis</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3. Buka Notepad.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kalo gak tahu notepad, Buka All Programs --> Accessories --> Notepad<br /></span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4. klo sudah ketikkan tau copy kode ini di notepad :<br /><br />[{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}]<br />IconArea_Text=0×000000<br />IconArea_Image=<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">namafilegambarkamu.jpg</span><br /><br />Catatan:<br />Perhatikan tulisan yang berwarna merah, IconArea_Image= ini diisi dengan nama file gambar kamu seperti: a7x.jpg / a7x.gif / a7x.png / a7x.bmp<br />disarankan pake yg format *.jpg saja, karena kompresi lebih baik tanpa mengurangi kualitas gambar.<br /><br />contoh : disini lughot menggunakan a7x.jpg<br /><br />[{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}]<br />IconArea_Text=0×000000<br />IconArea_Image=<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">a7x.jpg</span><br /><br />IconArea_Text= ini biarkan saja, ini diubah jika sobat mau ganti warna huruf nya nanti.<br /><br />5. Simpan kode tadi dengan nama desktop.ini dan copy pada folder flashdisk atau harddisk sobat yang mau sobat beri background nantinya.<br /><br />6. Selesai….coba refresh deh….wala jadi deh…….</span></span><div style="clear: both;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /><br />Read more: http://lughot.blogspot.com/2011/07/cara-membuat-background-di-flashdisk.html#ixzz1tobpQAgJ</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-55007721996359801972012-05-03T06:53:00.000-07:002012-05-03T06:53:21.289-07:00Cara Memperbaiki File System di Windows XP Yang Hilang/Rusak<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Mungkin anda pernah mengalami gejala pada Windows XP anda seperti ada gangguan atau tidak berjalan semestinya, terutama bila ada file system yang hilang atau rusak (files missing/corrupt).</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Keadaan tersebut bisa disebabkan oleh banyak hal. Misalnya karena seringnya mati listrik yang menyebabkan data corruption di hard disk, karena proses install/uninstall berbagai software yang tidak sempurna, atau karena virus, atau juga karena tidak sengaja terhapus.<br /><br />Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasinya, bisa menggunakan sebuah program/tool yang memang sudah disediakan (bawaan) Windows XP, yaitu sebuah tool yang namanya Windows File Protection. Program ini fungsinya adalah untuk memperbaiki file system yang hilang/rusak, yaitu dengan memeriksa (scan) file-file penting (system files) yang diperlukan oleh Windows XP, cek integritas setiap file tersebut, dan secara otomatis akan menggantinya dengan yang file system yang asli bila diperlukan.<br /><br />Menjalankan Windows File Protection<br />Untuk mengaktifkannya, berhubung pada menu Programs di Start Menu tidak ditampilkan tool ini, maka harus dijalankan melalui perintah di menu Run. Caranya, klik Start Menu –> Run. Atau bisa juga tekan tombol Win+R (tekan tombol bergambar Windows dibarengi dengan tekan tombol huruf R) di keyboard. Selanjutnya ketikkan perintah ini di menu Run:<br /><span style="color: red;">sfc /scannow</span><br /><br />Laku tekan tombol Enter atau klik OK. Perintah tersebut akan memunculkan kotak dialog Windows File Protection.<br /><br />Kemudian tool ini akan meminta anda untuk memasukkan CD setup Windows XP dengan versi yang tentu harus sesuai dengan Windows XP yang sedang anda jalankan (misalnya Windows XP Professional Service Pack 3). Selanjutnya silahkan ikuti saja petunjuk yang ada.<br /><br />Sebagai catatan, tool ini hanya buat Windows XP dan Windows Server 2003 saja dan yg windows 7 belum dicoba.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"><br /></span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Install ulang sebenarnya tidak terlalu diperlukan ketika komputer kita mengalami masalah kecil yang tidak terlalu serius. Malah kita dapat memperbaiki komputer dengan mudah dan cepat, hanya membutuhkan satu kali restart. Ya, program yang membantu kita memperbaiki windows xp adalah System Restore, program yang jarang kita dengar. Program tersebut berfungsi mengembalikan/restore settingan komputer kita ke keadaan sebelum komputer error.<br /><br />Bagaimana caranya?<br />Kita harus memiliki Restore Point sebagai penanda keadaan sebelum komputer error. Jadi setting komputer kita ketika normal disimpan sementara di restore point, saat terjadi error, dengan cepat komputer bisa memanggil kembali setting tersebut dan masalah selesai. Cara menggunakan system restore:<br /><br />1. Buka <span style="color: red;">Start > All Program > Accessories > System Tools > System Restore.</span></span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYTcBRNk8WloIZhE1TjS_R_7Nv_sdjfWSqx6LU1Lr61YA5plAG7NYy_r_GSdAETxwOq5hbrT9cMQYLkRUYxuNtT1lVX_TKCOC81toGeKANBQVAcLKxzf5ffTvlqdE3-vQQ-kc_tpREj-E/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYTcBRNk8WloIZhE1TjS_R_7Nv_sdjfWSqx6LU1Lr61YA5plAG7NYy_r_GSdAETxwOq5hbrT9cMQYLkRUYxuNtT1lVX_TKCOC81toGeKANBQVAcLKxzf5ffTvlqdE3-vQQ-kc_tpREj-E/s1600/3.JPG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">2. Untuk membuat System Restore Point, tandai <span style="color: red;">Create a Restore Point</span>. Untuk memperbaiki komputer tanpa install ulang, tandai <span style="color: red;">Restore my computer to an earlier time</span>. Klik next.</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qhvOSnhl0hbWbwApoL0TKcDEokr-hWMkhOiy-unVbP_bOYVFDap6bvRYCOgMaVCVAnb3HbCL6mz3KMjWsja0Vo9Zm1zAFt2gS8_Z0V6m2_L-83LCnw_tPiwoMUzW4VjeFhBZZvTtH3o/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qhvOSnhl0hbWbwApoL0TKcDEokr-hWMkhOiy-unVbP_bOYVFDap6bvRYCOgMaVCVAnb3HbCL6mz3KMjWsja0Vo9Zm1zAFt2gS8_Z0V6m2_L-83LCnw_tPiwoMUzW4VjeFhBZZvTtH3o/s1600/4.JPG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">3. Komputer akan mencari system restore point terbaru yang tersimpan (Sekedar informasi, komputer selalu membuat system restore point baru ketika kita menginstall suatu software, apapun itu). Setelah memilih restore point, lalu klik next.<br /><br />4. Kita akan mengembalikan keadaan komputer kita pada waktu yang kita pilih tadi lewat restore point. Tutup semua program dan simpan semua data sebelum restoring, karena komputer akan otomatis ter-restart setelah kita klik next.<br />5. Dan komputer kita kembali ke keadaan semula!<br /><br />Dengan <span style="color: red;">System Restore</span>, kita bisa memperbaiki komputer windows xp tanpa install ulang</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"><br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://lughot.blogspot.com/2011/09/cara-memperbaiki-file-system-di-windows.html#ixzz1toZCAxuu" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://lughot.blogspot.com/2011/09/cara-memperbaiki-file-system-di-windows.html#ixzz1toZCAxuu</a></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-66544369079997328562012-05-03T06:30:00.003-07:002012-05-03T06:30:36.831-07:00Cara Mengetahui Koneksi Internet / Ping Internet<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Buat sobat yang ingin tahu caranya melihat koneksi internetnya lughot akan membagikan cara yang biasanya lughot lakukan. Begini caranya :<br />1.klik START</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">2.lalu pilih RUN...<br />3.lalu di tempat tulisan OPEN tulis <i>ping yahoo.com -t</i> (lughot memang suka dari yahoo ping nya)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0MTKdfRgDAk9SujBCh5bj-BRX8obXnjdvuM2LJP73aUn6BARlyq_TNs3DvKiIL5wrwe1VD-N8aUjZDHEvpDxyoZmsNHKLHTvehArjNiuD6uuA7eskk9J-LkOXwaEwfcaJIEa-GQAmNyw/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0MTKdfRgDAk9SujBCh5bj-BRX8obXnjdvuM2LJP73aUn6BARlyq_TNs3DvKiIL5wrwe1VD-N8aUjZDHEvpDxyoZmsNHKLHTvehArjNiuD6uuA7eskk9J-LkOXwaEwfcaJIEa-GQAmNyw/s320/1.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">OKsetelah itu klik</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">4.jika sobat sedang menjalankan internet pasti keluar kotak warna item (gambar kotak biru dibawah sudah lughot rubah settingnya) yang terdapat angka-angka<br />lihat gambar </span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbZWjkl561OIailJ1dm1XENWP-PymiOFJKNT50Q1grGE8rYms5TaTYQrrPPT9pn-pxkMhHti0I3TrfwjPW8kYqHSjdTYeh-AdRBlft-kg06y9ApJLnKzPL0DnKxCrEMqaXdhOUHSBXtOA/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbZWjkl561OIailJ1dm1XENWP-PymiOFJKNT50Q1grGE8rYms5TaTYQrrPPT9pn-pxkMhHti0I3TrfwjPW8kYqHSjdTYeh-AdRBlft-kg06y9ApJLnKzPL0DnKxCrEMqaXdhOUHSBXtOA/s320/2.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">yang di tandai merah itu adalah ping nya</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"><br /></span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Untuk keterangan angka yang ditandai tersebut adalah:<br />PING yang di tandai berarti=<br />dibawah 250: CEPAT<br />250-400: NOrmal<br />400-1000: lag<br />1000+ :sangant LAG</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">>,<</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"><br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://lughot.blogspot.com/2011/09/cara-mengetahui-koneksi-internet-ping.html#ixzz1toTbbHv3" style="color: #003399; text-decoration: none;">http://lughot.blogspot.com/2011/09/cara-mengetahui-koneksi-internet-ping.html#ixzz1toTbbHv3</a></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-12060079671909080912012-05-03T06:28:00.001-07:002012-05-03T06:28:31.107-07:00Cara Setting Jaringan Workgroup Di Windows XP<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Berikut ini merupakan salah satu hal yang mendasar dalam networking, yaitu mengenai <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Setting Jaringan Workgroup Di Windows XP </strong>yang berguna untuk menyambungkan 2 buah komputer atau lebih. Dimana terdapat beberapa keuntungan dari Sistem Jaringan Workgroup, yang antara lain :</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pertukaran file dapat dilakukan dengan mudah (File Sharing)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pemakaian printer dapat dilakukan oleh semua unit komputer (<strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Printer Sharing</strong>).</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Akses data dari/ke unit komputer lain dapat di batasi dengan tingkat sekuritas pada password yang diberikan.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Komunikasi antar karyawan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">E-Mail & Chat</strong>.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bila salah satu unit komputer terhubung dengan modem, maka semua atau sebagian unit komputer pada jaringan ini dapat mengakses ke jaringan Internet atau mengirimkan fax melalui 1 modem.</span></li>
</ul>
<a href="" name="more" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"></a><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sementara untuk cara Network <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Workgroup Setup</strong> ini adalah :</span></div>
<ul style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Setting IP Address pada tiap komputer dengan class dan subnet mask yang sama.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Adapun cara setting IP Address yaitu klik Start menu lalu pilih Control Panel.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Di Category pilih Netwok And Internet Connection, lalu pilih Icon Network Connection.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kemudian terdapat pilihan Network Adapter yang akan anda gunakan untuk menyambungkan ke jaringan. Pilih Network Adapter yang digunakan. Klik kanan iconnya, lalu pilih Properties.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pada tab General di bagian “<strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">This Connection uses the following items</strong> :” pilih Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), lalu klik Properties.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pilih Radio Button “Use The Following IP Address” lalu masukkan IP Address dan Subnet Masknya.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Misalnya :<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />IP Address : 192.168.1.10<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />IP Gateway: 192.162.1.1 (jika memiliki gateway server)</span></div>
</blockquote>
<ul style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lakukan hal seperti ini pada komputer yang lainnya, dan tentunya <b>alamat IP-nya harus dibedakan</b>.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Setting Workgroup Computer, yaitu klik Start menu lalu pilih Control Panel.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Di Category pilih Performance And Maintenance, lalu pilih icon System.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pada System Properties pilih tab Computer Name, lalu klik pada bagian Change.</span></li>
<blockquote style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fcf1e2; background-image: url(http://blog.becouz.net/wp-content/themes/Adformat/images/blockquote.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(250, 218, 150); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(250, 218, 150); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(250, 218, 150); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(250, 218, 150); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 1.5em; padding-top: 1em;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pada bagian Member Of pilih Workgroup dan isi.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Misalnya :<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Workgroup : PPTI UNS</span></li>
</blockquote>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lakukan juga pada komputer yang lain dan isi Workgroup dengan nama yang sama.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kemudian restart komputer.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Setelah computer login lagi windows, masuk ke Explorer, pilih My Network Places.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pilih <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Entire Network</strong>, kalau tidak ada klik kanan pada <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">My Network Places</strong> lalu pilih Explore.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pilih <strong style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Microsoft Windows Network</strong>, lalu pilih nama workgroup yang anda masukkan tadi, contoh diatas yaitu PPTI UNS.</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Akan terlihat komputer mana saja yang tersambung jaringan dengan workgroup PPTI UNS.</span></li>
</ul>
<br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;" /><div style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Untuk mempermudah dalam setting workgroup pada windows xp, harap mengikuti langkah kerja di bawah ini :</span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1. Buka <strong>Control Panel </strong>==> <strong>Performance and Maintenance</strong> ==> <strong>System</strong>. Perhatikan tab <strong>Computer Name.</strong> Alternatif lain, Icon <strong>My Computer</strong> ==> <strong>Properties</strong> ==> <strong>Computer Name.</strong></span></div>
<ul style="color: #202020; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Isi <strong>Computer description</strong> dengan deskripsi komputer anda, misal Client1</span></li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Klik <strong>Change</strong> ==> keluar <strong>Computer Name Changes,</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPvHI0WcMGZgH42YDkW7J6VzkI4vWar1joOfa7LgelIld6VHKA7nCIesp1TcMlRG6kdYApRO55AuRlHvHCJhD1UhuWzV0PK3syGnsy8VqIpmaY63-YupOMhgqtvkJ-AUev3OJTneKsamjA/s1600/11.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPvHI0WcMGZgH42YDkW7J6VzkI4vWar1joOfa7LgelIld6VHKA7nCIesp1TcMlRG6kdYApRO55AuRlHvHCJhD1UhuWzV0PK3syGnsy8VqIpmaY63-YupOMhgqtvkJ-AUev3OJTneKsamjA/s320/11.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="276" /></span></a></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">
<br /><div style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2. <strong>Computer Name Changes</strong></span></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pada <strong>Computer Name</strong> :isikan nama komputer yang diinginkan (misal Client1, Client2, Client3, dst….)</span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pada <strong>Member of</strong>, perhatikan yang <strong>Workgroup</strong> saja, isikan dengan group komputer yang diinginkan menjadi satu dalam jaringan (misal: PPTI UNS). <strong>Nama workgroup</strong> untuk masing-masing komputer yang ingin bergabung pada jaringan tersebut <strong>harus sama.</strong></li>
</span></ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px;">3. <strong>Klik OK</strong>, tunggu sebentar sampai muncul kotak dialog <strong>Welcome to the PPTI UNS workgroup. Restart PC </strong>untuk mengetahui perubahan. </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hBkUdUDakDrTAk1OB_MQbNvp2ogGi8iBGkmtchdXVpYZNEmypkhuCehhzI6aLMiMZ8jndtUTQr1bWhGkLrjFQWcfBiZ0bdmlKhJ7_SS3g0eiU2szheMyB-pNuqmNa-9-HYqaJVZp_1O6/s1600/22.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hBkUdUDakDrTAk1OB_MQbNvp2ogGi8iBGkmtchdXVpYZNEmypkhuCehhzI6aLMiMZ8jndtUTQr1bWhGkLrjFQWcfBiZ0bdmlKhJ7_SS3g0eiU2szheMyB-pNuqmNa-9-HYqaJVZp_1O6/s1600/22.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" /></a></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"></span></span><br /><div style="line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">4. Cek <strong>Workgroup</strong> dan <strong>Computer Name</strong></span></span></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Start</strong> ==> <strong>Explore</strong> ==> cari <strong>My Network Places</strong> ==> <strong>Entire Network</strong> ==> <strong>Microsoft Windows Network</strong> ==> cari <strong>Nama Workgroup.</strong></span></span></span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"></span></span></ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge5Ot11Xu0SVjVB1ivhBkWb2gn6uWp8DphpWrst-VcjUiojxiOz50D3OTkFUnLcW1BGxvjxHC-2ECi2QAG4KZiw8pCfeX3mfrAOLPoYSfy31ITGIjP0dHBqEGyeJkWdVAAlkbqRtvei_t-/s1600/33.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #4d469c; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge5Ot11Xu0SVjVB1ivhBkWb2gn6uWp8DphpWrst-VcjUiojxiOz50D3OTkFUnLcW1BGxvjxHC-2ECi2QAG4KZiw8pCfeX3mfrAOLPoYSfy31ITGIjP0dHBqEGyeJkWdVAAlkbqRtvei_t-/s320/33.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ketika nama <strong>Workgroup </strong>di klik 2X, maka list nama-nama ( <strong>Computer Name</strong> ) dari PC yang aktif/hidup akan muncul satu persatu.</span></li>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #202020; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"></span></span></ul>
<div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">Untuk sharing file atau folder silahkan mengikuti langkah kerja di bawah ini :</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">1. Klik kanan <strong>Start</strong> ==> <strong>Explore</strong> ==> cari folder atau file yang akan di sharing atau dimunculkan pada My Network Places (misal: <strong>My Documents)</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">2.<strong> </strong>Klik kanan<strong> My Document </strong>trus pilih<strong> Properties ==> </strong>pilih<strong> Sharing</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">3. Centang kotak kecil disamping tulisan<strong> "Shared this folder on the network"</strong></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">4. Centang juga "<strong>Allow network users to change my files" </strong>(Jika ingin membiarkan komputer lain bisa merubah file tersebut)</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">5. Klik Apply ==> OK</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="color: #202020; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">sukses yoo...>,<</span></span></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-28416313591725990642012-04-10T17:19:00.000-07:002012-04-10T17:19:03.910-07:00Cara Kerja Scan Tool (carman scan)<br />
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Scan tool merupakan alat diagnosa profesional yang digunakan oleh seorang mekanik/teknisi kendaraan.Namun scan tool bukan hanya bisa dipakai oleh seorang teknisi untuk memperbaiki kerusakan kendaraan yang ada. Tetapi lebih dari itu, bagi seorang profesional di bidang race, scanner bisa juga dimanfaatkan untuk mendapatkan informasi-informasi yang berguna bagi peningkatan performa mesin kendaraan.</div>
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Fungsi Scan Tool adalah:<span id="more-202"></span></div>
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1.Memberikan informasi-informasi seputar nilai variabel dari sensor-sensor atau aktuator yang istilahnya adalah current data yang tentunya akan membantu seorang teknisi untuk mendiagnosa kerusakan-kerusakan yang timbul.</div>
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2.Memberikan informasi berupa trouble code (kode kerusakan) yang terbaca oleh ECU (Electronic Control Unit).</div>
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3.Mengetest aktuator (actuator testing). Jadi kita bisa meng-ON/OFF-kan AC, memajukan sudut pengapian, memperbesar/memperkecil semprotan bahan bakar, meng-ON/OFF-kan kipas pendingi dan lain-lain.</div>
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4.Sebagai alat ukur lain berupa volt meter, osiloskop dan juga ada generator simulasi sinyal.</div>
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Cara kerja scantool pada prinsipnya adalah sederhana. Scanner mendapatkan kode-kode angka berupa bilangan-bilangan binner (0/1) yang dikirim oleh ECU, kemudian scanner menterjemahkan kode-kode tadi ke dalam bentuk angka-angka, grafik dan sebagainya. Yang menjadi tidak se-simple yang kita bayangkan adalah bagimana kita bisa mengartikan kode-kode tersebut menjadi suatu simbol yang bisa kita pahami.</div>
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ECU mengirim suatu kode-kode ke scanner, scanner mengartikan kode-kode tadi menjadi informasi yang bisa kita pahami. Dan begitu sebaliknya kita memencet tombol-tombol di scan tool, scan tool mengirimkan kode-kode ke ECU yang bisa dipahami olehnya kemudian ECU balik lagi mengirimkan kode-kode ke scanner.</div>
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Kode-kode binner yang dikirim atau diterima dari/ke scanner ke/dari ECU dilakukan secara bergantian, disebut komunikasi secara serial.Semua komunikasi pada kendaraan untuk dikoneksikan keluar menggunakan komunikasi serial. Pada prinsipnya ada 2 jenis komunikasi serial. Dikenal dua cara komunikasi data secara serial, yaitu komunikasi data serial secara sinkron dan komunikasi data serial secara asinkron. Pada komunikasi data serial sinkron, clock dikirimkan bersama-sama dengan data serial, sedangkan komunikasi data serial asinkron, clock tidak dikirimkan bersama data serial, tetapi dibangkitkan secara sendiri-sendiri baik pada sisi pengirim (transmitter) maupun pada sisi penerima (receiver).</div>
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Komunikasi data serial secara sinkron merupakan bentuk komunikasi data serial yang memerlukan sinyal clock untak sinkronisasi. Sinyal clock tersebut akan tersulut pada setiap bit pengiriman data, sedangkan komunikasi asinkron tidak memerlukan sinyal clock sebagai sinkronisasi. Pengiriman data pada komunikast serial pada mikrokontroler tertentu dilakukan mulai dari bit yang paling rendah (LSB) hingga bit yang paling tinggi (MSB).</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-50430687129774178932012-04-10T17:10:00.001-07:002012-04-10T17:10:28.854-07:00Pengertian dan Fungsi RAM<br />
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Definisi RAM sebenarnya sangat singkat untuk dijelaskan. Namun bila anda yang belum paham arti dari ram sendiri, saya akan coba jelaskan.<br />Random Access Memory Atau biasa disebut dengan istilah ram, atau biasa juga disebut memory, adalah suatu alat komputer (perangkat keras/hardware). Ram memrupakan salah satu jenis alat penyimpanan data pada komputer atau media elektronik lainnya (PDA. HP, Notebook, Netbook, dll) yang bersifat sementara. Artinya bila komputer dimatikan, maka semua instruksi atau data yang telah dsimpan di ram ini akan hilang. Jadi<br />Fungsi Ram yaitu untuk menyimpan instruksi sementara dari komputer untuk mengeluarkannya ke output device.<br />Sebagai contoh:<br />1. Kita akan memainkan music mp3 dari komputer kita, lalu setelah kita buka dengan program winamp atau media lainnya, maka program winamp yang tadinya berada di harddisk, akan di eksekusi di RAM dan dikeluarkan melalui output device, baik melalui speaker (sebagai keluaran suara) ataupun monitor (sebagai tampilan). Jadi mp3 yang tadinya berasal dari harddisk akan disimpan sementara di ram.<br />2. Kita akan memainkan game atau aplikasi lain, sama perinsipnya dengan yang diatas. Artinya program yang telah terinstall di harddisk akan dipanggil ke RAM dan diekseskusi lalu dikeluarkan sebagai hasil eksekusi tersebut sesuai dengan fungsi dari aplikasinya.</div>
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Perlu Diingat<br />Itu sebabnya mengapa bila komputer yang memiliki ram 128 MB, bila digunakan untuk membuka banyak aplikasi akan mengalami crash/hang? dikarenakan program yang diekseskusi kapasitasnya melebihi dari media eksekusinya (ram), maka dari itu terjadilah crash. Bila diibaratkan “seseorang yang diperintahkan untuk memainkan 5 alat musik dalam satu waktu, apa jadinya?” ya pusing dech……<br />Dan mengapa suatu sistem operasi memerlukan standard tersendiri untuk keperluan memorynya? Contoh windows vista minimal ram 1GB, misalkan. Artinya untuk menjalankan sistem operasi itu dibutuhkan setidaknya kurang dari 1gb, sisanya untuk aplikasi lain yang sudah terisntal. Begitu pula dengan game pc yang memerlukan Memory yang cukup besar.<br />Jadi saran saya gunakanlah ram yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kita….<br />Oh iya, kalo misalkan kita mau melihat berapa besar memory/ram yang kita pakai untuk menjalankan program, silahkan buka task manager (tekan ctrl+alt+del) maka akan keluar task manager, lalu lihat bagian memory useage.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-29567210908423338202012-04-10T17:03:00.001-07:002012-04-10T17:03:21.293-07:00cara mengganti piston pada sepeda motor<br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>1. Pemeriksaan kepala silinder </b></span> </div>
a. Bersihkan kerak karbon yang ada di ruang bakar dan buang <br /> dengan sikat halus atau motor motor bor<br />b. Periksa ketirusan lubang, Perbaiki dan ganti drat yang rusak atau stnd patah<br />c. Periksa kelengkungan kop silinder dengan menempatkan baja pada permukaannya.<br />d. Ukur celah antara penggaris dan permukaan kop silinder feeler gauge, seperti pada gambar.<br /> Kelengkungan 0,05 mm maksimum.<br />e. Bila kelengkungan melebihi spesifikasi, bubut permukaan silinder.<br />f. Pastikan pipa air tidak tersumbat. <br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>2. Pemeriksaan manifold</b></span></div>
a Periksa melengkung atau tidaknya permukaan manifold isap dan<br /> buang.<br />b.Tempatkan saluran pada permukaan pelat rata. Ukur celah antara<br /> saluran dan permukaan pelat dengan celer gauge. Kelengkungan ·<br />0,1 mm maksimum<br />c. Bila kelengkungan melebihi spesifikasi, bubut/gerindalah terse- <br /> but hingga rata kembali. <br /><br /><div style="color: magenta;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>3. Pemeriksaan pegas katup</b></span></div>
a. Periksa keadaan pegas.<br />b. Ukur panjang bebas pegas.<br /><br /><span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;"><b>4. Pemeriksaan katup</b></span><br />a Bersihkan kerak karbon pada klep. <br />b.Periksa keadaan katup dengan melihatnya dari kemungkinan<br /> permukaan yang tidak rata, retak, atau rusak bakar. Bila hal ini<br /> ada, ganti dengan yang baru<br />c.Ganti katup bila aus, gepres, berkarat, dan tidak bisa dibersihkan<br /> atau diperbaiki permukammya (scuur).<br />dUkur diameter batang katup pada dua atau tiga tempat di sepanjang batang<br /> katupnya dengan<br /> mikrometer. Ganti katup bila tingkat keausannya melebihi batas spesifikasi.<br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>5. Memeriksa celah batang katup</b></span></div>
a. Pasang katup pada bosnya.<br />b. Ukur celahnya dengan dial indicator sambil menggerak-gerakan<br /> batang katup ke depan dan ke belakang.<br />c. Bila celah melebihi spesifikasi, ganti bos katup dan katupnya.<br /><br /><div style="color: cyan;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>6. Penggantian bos katup</b></span></div>
a. Tap bos katup lama keluar, dengan SST dan palu.<br />b. Tap bos katup baru masuk dengan SST hingga ring pada bos katup.<br /> Catatan :<br /> - Bos katup isap dan katup buang berbeda<br /> - Gunakan bos klep buang sebagai pengganti kedua bekatup isap buan<br />c. Pasang seal katup pada bosnya dcngan SST. <br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>7. Merapikan permukaan kutup dan dudukun </b></span></div>
a.Perbaiki permukaan sehingga permukaan katup isap maupun<br /> buang membentuk sudut 45 derajat<br />b.Untuk membersihkan permukaan katup, buanglah Iogam sedikit mungkin<br /> (seperlunya saja).<br /> Bila pinggir klep kurang dari 1,0 mm<br /> setelah diskir, gantilah katup.<br /> Periksa bagian yang bersentuhan pada setiap dudukan katup. Bila kasar atau<br /> rusak perbaiki<br /> dudukan katup dengan pisau dudukan klep. Sudut dudukan katup isap dan buang,<br /> yaitu 45<br /> derajat<br />d.Oleskan prussian biru pada prrmukaan katup.<br />e.Periksa dudukan katup dengan menekan klep pada dudukannya.<br /> Bila wama biru tidak tampak di sekeliling 360° permukaan katup, gantilah katup.<br />f. Periksa lekukan pada dudukan katup dengan mengukur bagian<br /> batang katup yang menonjol ke atas (ukuran L, ukuran ini harus sesuai spesifikasi).<br /><br />8. Memeriksa celah tuas katup dun porosnya<br /><br />a. Ukur dan hitunglah celah antara lubang tuas katup dan porosnya.<br />Celah maksimum 0,10 mm.<br />b. Ganti tuas klep berikut porosnya bila celahnya melebihi spesifikasi.<br /><br /><div style="color: blue;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>9. Memeriksa blok silinder </b></span></div>
a. Periksa blok silinder atau perbaiki/ganti bilamana perlu.<br /> 1) Rusak karcna bocor.<br /> 2) Retak.<br /> 3) Dinding silinder tergores.<br />b Ukuran tingkat kelengkungan blok silinder bagian atas. Kelengkungan maksimum<br /> 0,10 mm. <br />c. Bila kelengkungan melebihi spesifikasi, perbaiki dengan bubut atau ganti biok silinder<br /> denganyang baru.<br />d.Ukur dinding lubang silinder sesuai arah X dan Y pada YV<br /> tingkatan (A, B, dan C) untuk setiap silinder.<br />Perhatian:<br />- Ukuran lubang silinder harus berdasarkan ukuran piston oversize dan sama untuk<br /> seluruh silinder <br />- Bila lubang silinder melebihi srandard maksimum, bor ulung silinde rjadi oversize.<br />- Bila perbedaan antara pengukuran A dan melebihi ketirusan maksimum, bor ulang<br /> silinde rjadioversize. Taper 0,019 mm maksimum.<br />- Bila perbedaan X dan Y melebihi ketidak bulatan maksimum bor ulang silinder ke<br /> oversize.<br />Ketidakbulatan maksimum 0,019 mm<br />e. Bila bagian atas dinding silinder menunjukkan keausan tidak waj ar, copot lapisan<br /> tersebutdengan reamer.<br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>10. Mesin piston</b></span></div>
Perhatian:<br />Ban piston diganti, ring piston juga harus diganti.<br />a.Periksa seluruh lingkar luar piston dari karat. Gantilah bila perlu<br />b.Ukur diameter luar setiap piston pada sudut pengukuran tegak<br /> lurus (siku) (90°) dari posisi pasak piston, dengan jarak 18mm di<br /> bawah alur ring piston bawah. Lihat spesifikasi diameter<br /> mobil bersangkutan.<br />c.Ukur celah antara piston dan silinder. Bila celah melebihi batas <br /> maksimum, ganti piston dan bor ulang silinder. Setelah<br /> pasang piston oversize. Celah maksimum 0,10 mm.<br /><br /><div style="color: magenta;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>11. Memeriksa celah piston dan ring piston</b></span></div>
Ukur celah antara ring piston dan dudukan ring pada piston<br />bagian atas/bawah secara melingkar dengan ring piston ban.<br />Ukuran maksimum celah (paling atas dan kedua) 0,10 mm.<br />Bila celah melebihi batas maksimum, ganti piston.<br />Periksa kerusakan, keausan ring piston yang tidak normal atau<br />patah. Ganti ring piston bila perlu.<br />Masukkan ring piston ke dalam silinder dan gunakan piston<br />untuk mendorongnya hingga ke gerakan paling bawah ring.<br />Ukur jarak ujung ring piston dengan feeler gauge. Ganti ring<br />piston bila perlu. Celah maksimum 170 mm.<br /><br /><div style="color: cyan;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>12. Memeriksa pasak piston</b></span></div>
a.Ukur diameter lubang pasak pada piston pada empat tempat<br /> dengan arah pengukuran X dan Y (menyilang).<br />b.Ukur diameter piston dengan arab X dan Y pada empat tempat<br />cHitung celah antara pasak piston ke piston. Spesifikasi <br /> celah 0,000 — 0,024 mm. _<br />d.Bila celah melebihi spesifikasi, ganti piston dan/atau pasaknya.<br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>13. Memeriksa batang piston</b></span></div>
a.Ukur lubang ujung kecil (lubang untuk pin piston) batang piston<br />b.Hitung kelonggaran antara Iubang ujung batang piston dan pin<br /> piston. Spesifikasi celah 0,015 — 0,040 mm. V<br />c.Bila kelonggaran melebihi spesifikasi, ganti batang pistonda atau<br /> pasaknya.<br /><br /><div style="color: red;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>14. Memeriksa bearing (bantalan) batang piston</b></span></div>
a.Periksa bearing dari kerusakan, keausan, goresan atau oblak.<br /> Ganti bila perlu. Bearing undersize 0,25 mm; 0,50 mm; 0,75 mm.<br /> Perhatian:<br /> Dua bagian bearing penggantiannya harus bersamaan.<br />b.Bersihkan kotoran dan oli dari crankpin dan bearing<br />c.Pasang metal duduk (main bearing) atas dan metal bulan (thrust<br /> bearing).<br />d.Pasang poros engkol pada blok silinder.<br />e Pasangkan plastik pengukur (plastic gauge) di atas crankpin pada<br /> arah sesumbu (aksial).<br />f. Pasang metal duduk bawah dan tutupnya sesual dengan jumlahnya.<br />g Kencangkan baut tutup metal duduk dua atau tiga tahap scsuai dengan urutan nomor pada<br /> gambar.<br /><br /><div style="color: purple;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>15. Memeriksa poros engkol </b></span></div>
a. Letakkan poros engkol pada blok V<br />b. Ukur tonjolan poros engkol di tengah-tengah jurnal. <br />c. Ganti poros bila perlu, Tonjolan 0,033 mm maksimum.<br /><br /><div style="color: orange;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>16. Memeriksa metal duduk (main bearing) </b></span></div>
Periksa metal duduk dari goresan dan cacat lainnya. Ganti bila perlu.<br />Perhatian:<br />Kedua belahan metal harus diganti bersamaan, Metal duduk bawah<br />ukuran 0,2 mm; 0, 50 mm; dan O, 75 mm.<br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>17. Memeriksa celah metal duduk</b></span></div>
Ukur celah 0li metal duduk seperti mengukur metal jalan pada piston. Celah oli<br />0,023 - 0,042 mm, maksimum 0,08 mm<br />21. Memeriksa speling (kelonggaran) poros engkol<br />Periksa speling dengan dial indicator atau feeler gauge. Speling<br />kelonggaran 0,10 —- 0,15 mm; maksimum 0,08 mm; dan thrust washers<br />oversize 0,25 mm; 0,50mm; 0,75 mm.<br /><br /><div style="color: blue;">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;">18. Memeriksa poros (camshaft) </span></b></div>
a. Periksa keadaan poros kam dari keausan daa goresan.<br />b. Ukur diameter jual (depan, tengah, belakang) apakah masih sesuai spesifikasi?<br />c. Ukur diameter cuping pada poros kam, apakah masih sesuai spesifikasi?<br /><br /><div style="color: lime;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>19. Memeriksa celah oli poros kam</b></span></div>
a.Hitung celah oli antara poros kam dan kepala silinder celah<br /> maksimum 0,15 mm.<br />b.Ukur kebenjolan poros kam dengan dial indikator. Ganti bila<br /> sudah melebihi kebenjolan maksimum. Kebenjolan maksimum 0,03 mm<br />c.Ukur celah antara sproket poros kam dan thrust plate dengari<br /> feeler gauge. Ukuran celah 0,02 — 0,18 mm. <br /><br /><div style="color: red;">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;">20. Memeriksa rantai timing dan rangkaiannya</span></b></div>
a. Periksa setiap mata rantai dan sambungannya dari kemungkinan putus atau<br /> kerusakan-kerusakanlainnya.<br />b. Periksa keretakan, keausan atau kerusakan pada gigi-gigi sprokot.<br />c. Ganti bila perlu.<br />d. Periksa keausan dan kerusakan lain pada tensioner dan peredam<br /> getaran rantai.<br />e. Ganti bila perlu.</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-37783031803432501032012-04-02T03:54:00.001-07:002012-04-02T03:54:29.315-07:00Penerapan K3 dalam pemakaian komputer.avi<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/yyzK9zoAJSc?fs=1" width="459"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-53238113577668355462012-04-02T03:47:00.001-07:002012-04-02T03:47:38.453-07:00SENAM OTAK BRAIN GYM<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/oQuGNAJNIos?fs=1" width="459"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-22304253649163609302012-04-02T03:25:00.000-07:002012-04-02T03:25:07.269-07:00Sikap K3LH di TKJ<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Prinsip K3( Kesehatan, Keselamatan Kerja )</b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />A. prinsip-prinsip kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (k3)Dalam dunia industri atau perkantoran, pendidikan yang menggunakan komputer dalam jumlah yang banyak, kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja tentu menjadi faktor yang sangat penting.Para pengguna komputer pribadi pun perlu menerapkan prinsip menjaga kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja menurut petunjuk yang sudah ada. Seorang yang sehari-hari menggunakan komputer baik untuk pekerjaan, pendidikan, ataupun hobi tetap harus memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip kesehatan agar terhindar dari berbagai gangguan kesehatan.Gangguan kesehatan yang mungkin muncul akibat penggunaan komputer adalah:<br /> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">1. gangguan pada mata<br />2. gangguan pada kepala<br />3. gangguan pada tangan<br />4. gangguan pada badan<br /> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Salah satu peralatan komputer yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan adalah monitor. Seperti kita ketahui, layar monitor memancarkan radiasi atau pemancaran partikel-partikel elementer dan energi radiasi. Energi radiasi dapat mengeluarkan elektron dari inti atom sehingga atom menjadi muatan positif dan disebut ion positif. Sementara itu, elektron yang dikeluarkan dapat tinggal bebas atau mengikat atom netral lainnya dan membentuk ion negatif. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk pada atom-atom di tubuh kita. Radiasi yang dipancarkan monitor komputer antara lain berupa:<br /> </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">1. sinar-X<br />2. sinar ultraviolet<br />3. gelombang mikro<br />4. radiasi elektromagnetik frekuensi sangat rendah </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gangguan kesehatan yang diduga timbul akibat radiasi komputer adalah penyakit katarak.Untuk itu, setiap pengguna komputer perlu mengatur waktu pemakaian komputer. Jika Anda harus bekerja di depan komputer dalam jangka waktu yang lama, usahakan untuk mengatur waktu jeda agar tidak terus menerus menatap layar monitor.Selain radiasi yang ditimbulkan oleh monitor komputer, kita perlu memperhatikan pula faktor-faktor lain yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, yaitu posisi tubuh, posisi peralatan, pencahayaan ruangan, dan kondisi lingkungan (suhu, kualitas udara dan gangguan suara). Menggunakan komputer dengan posisi tubuh yang benar, akan memberikan kenyamanan saat bekerja. Dengan posisi tubuh yang rileks, kita dapat bekerja secara efektif dan kesehatan kita pun akan terjaga. Ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana mengatur posisi duduk yang baik dan benar di depan komputer disebut ergonomi. Kenyamanan yang dibutuhkan antara lain keadaan user maupun hardware atau perangkat keras komputer ;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Posisi tubuh yang benar</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Bagian kepala dan leher</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Aturlah agar posisi kepala dan leher anda tegak dengan pandangan lurus ke depan. Dengan posisi ini, anda akan sanggup bertahan lebih lama di depan komputer dan tidak cepat merasa lelah. Posisi leher yang terlalu lentur dan kepala menengadah atau menunduk saat menghadap monitor tidak dibenarkan karena akan membuat anda cepat lelah.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Duduk dengan punggung yang tegak dan rileks merupakan posisi yang benar saat menggunakan komputer. Badan yang terlalu membungkuk, terlalu miring ke kiri atau ke kanan, dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit. Usahakan agar seluruh punggung tersangga dengan baik oleh sandaran kursi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Aturlah posisi pundak sedemikian rupa agar otot-otot pundak tidak tegang. Usahakan agar pundak tidak terlalu ke bawah atau terlalu tegak</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Posisi lengan yang baik adalah berada di samping badan dan siku membentuk sudut lebih besar dari 90 derajat.bagian kaki</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Gunakan sandaran kaki atau footrest sehingga tungkai berada dalam posisi yang nyaman.<br /><b></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Posisi monitor yang benar :</b></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">atur posisi monitor agar berada tepat di depan mata Anda</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">· </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Monitor CRT menggunakan listrik tegangan tinggi dan membutuhkan daya yang cukup besar. Hindarkan monitor dari percikan air karena dapat menimbulkan hubungan pendek atau korsleting yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan Anda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Tanpa disadari bekerja dengan komputer ternyata membawa dampak yang kurang menyehatkan bagi kesehatan mata kita, untuk meminimilisasi hal tersebut berikut tips singkat menjaga mata dari sengatan radiasi komputer. Tanda-tanda dampak radiasi tersebut biasanya mata sering terasa kabur, mata berkunang-kunang, kepala agak pusing. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Monitor berpengaruh pada kesehatan mata karena mengeluarkan radiasi. Untuk mengurangi keluhan pada mata, lakukan hal-hal berikut:</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><br />1.Pilihlah monitor yang berbentuk LCD/plasma.karena monitor ini dipercaya lebih baik daripada monitor yang model lama.Jika anda punya cukup uang,bisa membeli VGA yang bagus agar warna monitor tidak melelahkan mata.<br /><br />2.Jagalah jarak mata anda dengan monitor komputer.idealnya jarak mata </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">ke komputer adalah 30 cm.<br /><br />3. Letakkan </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">monitor sejajar dengan mata anda.jangan terlalu rendah dan jangan terlalu tinggi.usahakan saat anda melihat komputer rasanya enak dan nyaman<br /><br />4. Atur warna pada layar monitor sehingga enak dipandang mata.jangan terlalu terang karena dapat menyebabkan mata anda menjadi silau.juga jangan terlalu gelap,karena akan menyebabkan mata anda bekerja terlalu keras sehingga membuat mata menjadi cepat kering.<br /><br />5. Atur screen refresh rate menjadi 75 htz..caranya jika anda pakai windows XP klik kanan pada desktop-properties-setting-advanced-monitor-lihat kolom screen refresh rate.atur menjadi 75 htz.<br /><br />6. Sesering mungkin kedipkan mata.karena dengan kita mengedipkan mata,akan merangsang kelenjar airmata untuk mengeluarkan air mata yang berfungsi membuat mata menjadi basah dan lembab.jika anda jarang mengedipkan mata,maka mata akan menjadi kering.jika dipaksakan terus mata akan menjadi sakit dan akhirnya memerah.bila perlu anda bisa membeli obat tetes mata untuk membuat ma</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">ta selalu dalam keadaan basah. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /><br />7. Perhatikan cahaya disekitar ruangan tempat anda menggunakan komputer.usahakan ruangan cukup pasokan cahaya.jangan menggunakan komputer di ruangan yang gelap(tidak cukup cahaya).<br /><br />8. Setelah penggunaan komputer dalam jangka waktu yang lama,istirahatkan mata minimal 15 menit.anda bisa melihat lihat keluar ruangan untuk menyegarkan mata.usahakan untuk melihat objek yang berwarna hijau seperti pepohonan dan daun daunan.karena menurut para peneliti,warna hijau mampu membuat mata kembali segar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Letak mouse yang benar adalah di samping keyboard. Sesuaikan tangan yang biasa Anda gunakan untuk bekerja. Jika Anda bekerja dengan tangan kiri, letakkan mouse di sebelah kiri keyboard dan aturlah agar setting mouse menjadi left handed melalui sistem operasi. Penggunaan Mouse Ketika menggunakan mouse usahakan agar pergelangan tangan berada pada posisi tidak menggantung atau lebih rendah dari mouse.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Penggunaan</b><b><span lang="IN"> keyboard</span></b><b> yang benar :</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="IN"></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Di masa sekarang ini telah tersedia berbagai macam produk <i>keyboard</i> yang ditujukan agar anda nyaman mengetik, meski dalam waktu lama. Namun yang lebih penting adalah bagaimana anda mengatur postur dan posisi tubuh anda, terutama lengan anda, sehingga anda bisa menghindari kelelahan dan cedera.Untuk itu ada baiknya mengikuti nasehat Stephanie Brown, seorang guru piano asal Amerika, dalam majalah "<i>Her World</i>". "Ikutilah disiplin pemain piano yang sedang pentas," katanya. Stephanie memberi lima petunjuk untuk diterapkan saat anda mengetik pada<i>keyboard</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">1. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Sejajarkan pergelangan tangan dengan telapak tangan</span><br /><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> Upayakan pergelangan tangan anda selalu sejajar dengan telapak tangan. Lemaskan pergelangan tangan anda seperti mengambang. Jangan tegang.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">2. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Posisi siku menggantung </span><br /><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> Pastikan siku anda dalam posisi bebas menggantung. Menyandarkan siku pada sandaran kursi saat mengetik, selain menyulitkan anda untuk mengetik, juga membuat anda tegang dan cepat lelah.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">3. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Lemaskan jari telunjuk dan jari manis anda</span><br /><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> Kunci mengetik tanpa lekas lelah adalah melemaskan seluruh jari anda. Jangan kaku dan tegang. Biarkan lemas, rileks, apa adanya.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">4. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Tekan tombol dengan tenang</span><br /><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> Jangan menekan tombol dengan kuat atau mengalirkan kekuatan penuh pada tangan anda. Ingat, anda sedang mengetik, bukan memukul tombol <i>keyboard</i>.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">5. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Bila tidak sedang mengetik</span><br /><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> Lemaskan keseluruhan tangan bila sedang tidak memencet tombol di <i>keyboard</i>. Keadaan anda sebelum mengetik juga mempengaruhi kondisi anda di saat mengetik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Posisi meja dan kursi :</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Aturlah meja dan kursi sedemikian rupa hingga posisi duduk Anda di depan monitor lebih nyaman, dan Anda dapat menjangkau keyboard dan mouse dengan mudah. Selain diatur posisinya, perangkat keras komputer harus dijaga dengan baik karena perangkat-perangkat tersebut menggunakan listrik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Posisi Kotak CPU :</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Kotak CPU yang diletakkan di lantai dan tidak dilengkapi dengan ground dapat<br />mengalirkan listrik saat kita menyentuhnya tanpa alas kaki. Untuk menghindari korsleting, kotak CPU sebaiknya diletakkan di yang aman, misalnya di atas meja. Kotak CPU dapat ditanahkan (grounded) dengan cara dihubungkan ke tanah atau tembok menggunakan seutas kawat tembaga. Karena CPU membutuhkan konsumsi listrik yang besar, maka kita harus menjauhkannya dari benda-benda cair dan binatang atau serangga untuk menghindari korsleting.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Posisi Kabel-Kabel :</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Aturlah susunan kabel secara baik dan rapi. Periksala stop kontak atau sumber listrik, jangan sampai ada yang longgar karena aliran listrik yang tidak stabil berpotensi merusak perangkat keras komputer dan mengakibatkan korsleting. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>SIKAP KERJA DI RUANG TEKNIK INFORMATIKA</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Prinsip Kerja</span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Menggunakan peralatan praktikum dengan hati hati dan sesuai dengan petunjuk penggunaan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mengisi buku penggunaan alat selama praktek</span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tidak makan dan minum atau merokok dalam lab</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Menjaga keselamatan kerja dalam menggunakan peralatqan selama praktikum berlangsung</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Menjaga kebersihan lab</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mengembalikan peralatan laboratorium yang di pinjam setelah selesai praktikum dalam keadaan bersih dan sesuai dengan jumlah pada saat bon / pinjam peralatan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Peralatan di lab komputer yang mungkin membuat ruangan yang paling mahal di sekolah. pedoman khusus harus ditetapkan untuk memastikan bahwa mesin tidak rusak dan digunakan untuk potensi mereka sepenuhnya: Berikut adalah beberapa contoh dari disiplin komputer lab berurusan dengan peralatan:</span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 12. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Tidak ada makanan atau minuman diperbolehkan dalam laboratorium.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 13. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ransel tidak diperbolehkan di laboratorium atau dimasukkan di dalam loker masing-masing</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> 14. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Jika ditemui masalah selalu meminta bantuan guru tidak pernah mencoba untuk "memperbaiki" sendiri.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Kesimpulan : </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Kita perlu mengetahui ketentuan penggunaan perangkat keras PC dan periferalnya demi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerjakita. Setting dan posisi perangkat keras serta posisi tubuh pada saat bekerja harus kita perhatikan agar terhindar dari dampak buruk penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi komputer. Kelalaian atau kecerobohan dapat mendatangkan efek negatif yang membahayakan kesehatan kita.yang akan berdampak buruk pada kinerja kita.</span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-35871310209560688872012-04-01T06:04:00.002-07:002012-04-01T06:04:35.608-07:00GAMBARAN POSISI DUDUK<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyGOoiLAY7L8ddBHFvxDmbKDPwsMmjJberGBp_RRpaP5G1DimJOh0_LOWae-Z7IMZZeCJW16B8ICEimA22Y06V39MVRutQsnGc3h-UZ1QWOTRFo5TOX3an9T2VQYx1FlIwC-B98A_qq3G/s1600/preview_html_48ea5d1f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyGOoiLAY7L8ddBHFvxDmbKDPwsMmjJberGBp_RRpaP5G1DimJOh0_LOWae-Z7IMZZeCJW16B8ICEimA22Y06V39MVRutQsnGc3h-UZ1QWOTRFo5TOX3an9T2VQYx1FlIwC-B98A_qq3G/s320/preview_html_48ea5d1f.jpg" width="282" /></a>POSISI YANG BAIK</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUfcUWOYp7dl1n2eAE5Dd7KJyDkChDncHQbwk7npPyUdiJkvwfZrJUgoDGcjCHS3oB0JlqCF2UcEvoFyl36nrB6qF2cqKTUVrnyh19cKEKJ-cNnQ9Te1nMIastIWj9pDbzqt-CbRi7SbDG/s1600/sitting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUfcUWOYp7dl1n2eAE5Dd7KJyDkChDncHQbwk7npPyUdiJkvwfZrJUgoDGcjCHS3oB0JlqCF2UcEvoFyl36nrB6qF2cqKTUVrnyh19cKEKJ-cNnQ9Te1nMIastIWj9pDbzqt-CbRi7SbDG/s320/sitting.jpg" width="320" /></a>POSISI TIDAK BAIK</div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-85382692615173656112012-04-01T05:55:00.000-07:002012-04-01T06:00:46.682-07:00K3LH<br />
<ul style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13pt;"><strong>PENGERTIAN K3</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Ilmu Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) merupakan bagian dari ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. Keilmuan K3 merupakan perpaduan dari multidisiplin ilmu antara ilmu-ilmu kesehatan, ilmu perilaku, ilmu alam, teknologi dan lain-lain baik yang bersifat kajian maupun ilmu terapan dengan maksud menciptakan kondisi sehat dan selamat bagi pekerja, tempat kerja, maupun lingkungan sekitarnya, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas kerja.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perkembangan dan kebutuhan ilmu/keahlian K3 berkembang sangat pesat mengikuti perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek), percepatan pembangunan melalui industrialisasi serta tuntutan kebutuhan pekerjaan yang semakin meningkat dalam hal efisiensi, produktivitas, tingkat kesehatan dan keselamatan. Perkembangan ini semakin dipacu dengan kebijakan dari Pemerintah yang mendukung pendidikan tinggi untuk membuka program pendidikan di bidang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja dengan pendekatan yang bersifat multidisipliner.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perencanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja merupakan salah satu kegiatan preventif untuk mencegah hal-hal yang dapat mengancam keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja di lapangan. Isi dari Perencanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Krja, antara lain:</span></div>
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<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Pembebanan dan pengangkutan material yang minimal</span></div>
</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Mempunyai ruang gerak yang aman dan tidak licin</span></div>
</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Mempunyai ruang yang cukup luas untuk peletakan antar mesin dan peralatan</span></div>
</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tersedianya fasilitas untuk efakuasi di lapangan verja</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
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<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tersedianya ruangan yang terisolasi khusus untuk pengerjaan proses yang berbahaya</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tersedianya peralatan pencegah kebakaran disetiap mesin dan peralatan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt;">
<span style="background-color: white;"> <br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 14pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><strong> </strong></span>3</span></div>
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<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13pt;"><strong>UTAMAKAN K3 </strong></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Kegiatan apapun yang berhubungan dengan komputer, sedikit banyak membuat mereka bertahan duduk lebih lama menghadap perangkat komputer tersebut. Bermenit-menit bahkan berjam-jam tanpa sadar waktu terlewat begitu saja.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Penggunaan komputer yang terus menerus dapat menyebabkan keluhan-keluhan pada beberapa anggota tubuh. Misalnya terasa pada otot leher yang kaku dan pegal semua. Mata yang terasa kabur, dan sebagainya. Tanpa kita sadari, perangkat komputer sebenarnya dapat menimbulkan penyakit karena pemakaiannya. Mulai dari tata letak meja dan kursi, layar monitor, keyboard dan printer merupakan peralatan yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit pada pemakaiannya.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Untuk mengurangi keluhan pada saat bekerja dengan komputer, ada baiknya tempat yang digunakan dalam berkomputer hendaknya dirancang sedemikian rupa. Posisi duduk dalam mengetik juga harus diperhatikan. Dianjurkan, kita harus duduk dalam posisi tegak dan rileks dan posisi salah satu dari kaki agak maju ke depan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Pilihlah meja komputer yang dilengkapi dengan alat sandaran kaki dan bagian bawah meja memiliki ruang gerak yang bebas. Tinggi meja disesuaikan dengan ukuran kursi dan tinggi pengguna. Gunakan kursi yang yang fleksibel (dapat diatur tinggi rendahnya) dan sandarannya mengikuti lekuk punggung .</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Dalam pengetikan, usahakan mata untuk tidak terus menerus menghadap ke keyboard ataupun monitor. Sebab sedikit banyak, monitor merupakan layar yang sensitif dan memancarkan radiasi .</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Untuk itu filter ataupun screen guard perlu dipasang pada layar monitor, sehingga keluhan pada mata dapat dihindari.</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: white;">4</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 7pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Diantaranya, cara-cara menjaga kesehatan mata yaitu sebagai berikut :</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<ol style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Istirahatkan mata anda dengan melihat pemandangan yang bernuansa sejuk dan jauh ke depan secara rutin.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Jagalah agar kacamata atau lensa kontak (jika menggunakan) dan layar tampilan selalu bersih.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Gunakan tambahan layar anti radiasi.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<ul style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 42pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 2.5em; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.25em;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;"><strong>PERSYARATAN PENCAHAYAAN </strong></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Corsiva; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Syarat tekhnis ruang komputer tidak lepas dari sifat amannya ruang terhadap gangguangangguan, yaitu :<br />a. Terjaminnya nilai temperatur ruang.<br />b. Terjaminnya nilai kelembaban ruang.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">5</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">c. Bebas debu.<br />d. Bebas pengaruh medan magnet dan listrik.<br />e. Bebas getaran.<br />f. Bebas asap.<br />g. Bebas dari gasgas tertentu<br />h. Bebas zat kimia.<br />i. Terjaminnya nilai pencahayaan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Salah satu syarat yang menjamin terjalannya prosedur kesehatan, keselamatan dan keamanan kerja adalah terpenuhnya syarat ergonomis di tempat kerja.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Terdapat beberapa pengertian ergonomi, antara lain:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Ergonomi berasal dari bahasa Latin, yaitu "<em>ergo</em>" yang artinya kerja dan "<em>nomos</em>" yang artinya hukum alam, dan dapat didefinisikan sebagai studi tentang aspek-aspek manusia dalam lingkungan kerjanya yang ditinjau secara anatomi, fisiologi, <em>psikology</em>, <em>engineering</em>, manajemen dan <em>design</em>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Ergonomi adalah suatu cabang ilmu yang mempelajari tubuh manusia dalam kaitannya dengan pekerjaan dengan memanfaatkan informasi-informasi mengenai sifat, kemampuan, dan keterbatasan manusia untuk merancang suatu sistem kerja sehingga orang dapat hidup dan bekerja pada sistem dengan baik, dengan demikian manusia dapat melakukan pekerjaan dengan nyaman, aman, dan efektif sehingga mencapai produktifitas yang optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tujuan dari ergonomi adalah untuk memaksimalkan perancangan terhadap produk, alat dan ruangan dalam kaitannya dengan anthropometri secara integral, sehingga mendapatkan suatu pengetahuan yang utuh dalam menghadapi-</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">6</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">permasalahan-permasalahan interaksi manusia dengan <em>technology</em> dan produk-produknya, sehingga dimungkinkan rancangan sistem manusia ( <em>technology</em> ) dapat menjadi optimal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Persyaratan ergonomis mensyaratkan agar supaya peralatan dan fasilitas kerja sesuai dengan orang yang menggunakan khususnya menyangkut dimensi ukuran tubuh. Dalam menentukan ukuran maksimum atau minimum</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat ergonamis di tempat kerja atau kantor adalah posisi kerja dari pekerja itu sendiri. Dengan posisi kerja yang baik akan dapat menjaga kesehatan tubuh, dan mencegah timbulnya kelelahan sewaktu bekerja.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13pt;"><strong>ANTHROPOMETRI </strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Ergonomi tidak pernah lepas dari Anthropometri. Anthropometri berasal dari "<em>antro</em>" yang berarti manusia dan "<em>metri</em>" yang berarti ukuran. Jadi secara garis besar anthropometri dapat didefinisikan sebagai satu studi yang berkaitan dengan pengukuran dimensi tubuh manusia.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Anthropometri adalah sekumpulan data numerik yang berhubungan dengan ciri-ciri fisik tubuh manusia, seperti: ukuran, bentuk dan kekuatan serta penerapan dari data tersebut untuk penanganan masalah <em>design</em>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tujuan dari anthropometri adalah sbgi acuan yg ergonomis dalam segala hal yang memerlukan interaksi manusia, dalam aplikasinya mengenai perancangan area, alat, produk, maupun stasiun kerja, yang berkaitan dengan bentuk, ukuran, dan di mensi yang tepat sehingga para pengguna alat atas ruangan fisik tersebut cocok,dan di harapkan akan meningakatkan produktivitas. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Anthropometri secara luas akan digunakan sebagai pertimbangan-pertimbangan ergonomis dalam memerlukan interaksi manusia. Data yang berhasil diperoleh antara lain dalam hal:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perancangan area kerja</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perancangan peralatan kerja seperti mesin, perkakas, dsb.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perancangan produk-produk konsumtif, seperti pakaian, kursi dan meja komputer</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Perncangan lingkungan kerja fisik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><strong>POSISI KERJA</strong></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">yang baik antara lain harus memenuhi syarat berikut:</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Leher lurus dengan bahu dan leher dalam keadaan santai</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Posisi lengan berada di bawah bahu</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Sikut terletak dekat dengan badan dan tidak jauh maju ke depan atau kebelakang</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Tinggi permukaan meja setinggi sikut atau sedikit di bawah</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Duduk dengan keadaan tulang ekor berbentuk S yang normal dan ditopang dengan baik</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Kedua kaki berada di lantai</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12pt;">Ketika duduk , lutut membentuk sudut 90ْ</span></div>
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</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9000613051560604475.post-43636025749857009322012-04-01T05:26:00.000-07:002012-04-01T05:26:37.642-07:00<a href="http://widgetindex.blogspot.com/">http://widgetindex.blogspot.com/</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11024475120957270345noreply@blogger.com