GERUND
A GERUND is a verb in its "ing" form (the present participle); for example, raining, dancing, laughing, thinking, creating, running, and so on.
By definition, they are activities . either physical or mental.
These words function as NOUNS in a sentence:
The subject of the verb: Swimming is a lot of fun and good exercise.
The object of the verb: I really like swimming.
The object of a preposition: I am looking forward to swimming in the ocean.
1 GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE
Any activity that can be expressed with the "ing" form of a verb can be the subject of a sentence.
All gerunds can be the subject of a sentence.
Breathing is necessary.Driving a car requires good vision.Helping other people feels good.
2 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
Prepositions (for, with, about, &) must be followed by an object.
The object can be a noun or a gerund (a verb acting as a noun).
I am tired of waking up too early.
I look forward to meeting your friend.
I am interested in learning baseball.
She is responsible for implementing new policy.
1 Verb + Preposition
Here are some verbs plus a preposition followed by a gerund:
to complain about __________ing
to insist on __________ing
to participate in __________ing
to apologize for __________ing
to object to __________ing
to look forward to __________ing
to think of __________ing
to win by __________ing
to take part in __________ing
2 Verb + Object + PrepositionHere are some verbs plus an object plus a preposition followed by a gerund:
to have difficulty in __________ing
to take advantage of __________ing
to have a good reason for __________ing
to prevent someone from __________ing
to keep someone from __________ing
to stop someone from __________ing
to thank someone for __________ing
to blame someone for __________ing
to accuse someone of __________ing
to charge someone with __________ing
to fine someone for __________ing
3 To Be + Adjective + Preposition Here are some combinations of the verb "to be" plus an adjective plus a preposition followed by a gerund:
to be accustomed to __________ing
to be interested in __________ing
to be excited about __________ing
to be capable of __________ing
to be responsible for __________ing
to be used to __________ing
to be tired of __________ing
to be bored with __________ing
to be good for __________ing
to be good at __________ing
to be bad at __________ing
to be guilty of __________ing
4 To Be + Noun + Preposition
Here are some combinations of the verb "to be" plus an object plus a preposition followed by a gerund:
to be a victim of __________ing
to be an advocate of __________ing
to be a believer in __________ing
to be a supporter of __________ing
to be a critic of __________ing
3 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB
When it comes to gerunds as the object of a verb, not all verbs are equal.
That is, some verbs can take a gerund as their objects, but other verbs cannot.
(Some verbs can take infinitives as their objects. Some verbs never take an object at all.)
These differences can only be learned, as individual vocabulary items.
Verb + Gerund:
Here are some verbs that are followed by a gerund.
(These verbs can be followed by any gerund. The gerunds used in these sentences are only examples.)
I admit losing the combination to the safe.
I advise finding a good lawyer.
I don't anticipate waiting very much longer.
I appreciate hearing a good joke.
I avoid flying as much as I can.
Would you consider selling your share of the company?
We will delay signing an agreement.
I deny saying that.
We must discuss hiring more people.
I dislike eating alone.
I enjoy talking with new people.
I fear losing his confidence.
When I finish typing this, I'll help you.
I gave up explaining my position to them.
I often go dancing.
I can't help thinking that we could have done better.
I can't imagine spending that much money.
Business trips involve waiting in airports and staying in hotels.
They keep saying that, but they don't do anything about it.
Did I mention seeing him yesterday?
I don't mind working on the weekend.
I will miss seeing you around.
They postponed starting construction until next year.
You should practice using set phrases.
I quit smoking six years ago.
I recall meeting him a long time ago.
I don't recollect being there.
I recommend having the New York steak.
I resent having to sign in each morning.
I couldn't resist telling them.
We should not risk losing their trust.
I hope they stop making so much noise so I can get some sleep.
He suggested starting my own agency.
They won't tolerate trading insider information.
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